Nursing Elites

1. Being in contact with reality and the environment is a function of the:

• A. conscience
• B. ego
• C. id
• D. super ego

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Being in contact with reality and the environment is a function of the ego. The ego is responsible for mediating between the id's basic desires, the superego's idealistic standards, and the real world. The conscience (not listed as a choice) is related to feelings of guilt or moral responsibility. The id represents primal instincts, and the superego represents the internalized ideals and moral standards.

2. A nurse is instructing teenage girls on the importance of adequate calcium intake throughout their life span to prevent complications. Which complication should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Goiter
• B. Osteoporosis
• C. Heart disease
• D. Dental caries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake throughout life helps prevent osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, which is common in older adults. Goiter is caused by an iodine deficiency, not calcium. Heart disease is more related to factors like cholesterol and blood pressure. Dental caries are primarily influenced by oral hygiene and sugar intake, not just calcium.

3. Which vitamin acts most like a hormone?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin C

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Although vitamin D, also known as calciferol, has been called a vitamin, it is more appropriately classified as a hormone. Like hormones, vitamin D acts to control the function of other cell types. For example, it helps the body absorb and regulate skeletal calcium and phosphorus levels. Choice A (Vitamin A) plays a crucial role in vision and immune function. Choice B (Vitamin B) is a complex of different vitamins that play various roles in the body. Choice D (Vitamin C) is important for collagen production and acts as an antioxidant.

4. A client was rushed in the E.R showing a whitish, leathery and painless burned area on his skin. The nurse is correct in classifying this burn as:

• A. First degree burn C. Third degree burn
• B. Second degree burn D. Partial thickness burn
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. Which of the following are absorbed into the bloodstream without needing additional digestion?

• A. amino acids
• B. monosaccharides
• C. glycerol
• D. all of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Amino acids, monosaccharides, and glycerol are absorbed directly into the bloodstream without requiring further digestion.

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