Nursing Elites

1. Being in contact with reality and the environment is a function of the:

• A. conscience
• B. ego
• C. id
• D. super ego

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Being in contact with reality and the environment is a function of the ego. The ego is responsible for mediating between the id's basic desires, the superego's idealistic standards, and the real world. The conscience (not listed as a choice) is related to feelings of guilt or moral responsibility. The id represents primal instincts, and the superego represents the internalized ideals and moral standards.

2. Mario listens to Richard’s bilateral sounds and finds that congestion is in the upper lobes of the lungs. The appropriate position to drain the anterior and posterior apical segments of the lungs when Mario does percussion would be:

• A. Client lying on his back then flat on his abdomen on Trendelenburg position
• B. Client seated upright in bed or on a chair then leaning forward in sitting position then flat on his back and on his
• C. Client lying flat on his back and then flat on his abdomen
• D. Client lying on his right then left side on Trendelenburg position

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Proper patient positioning is essential for maximizing lung expansion and promoting the drainage of secretions. Postural drainage techniques rely on gravity to help clear different lung segments, which is critical in preventing complications such as atelectasis or pneumonia in immobilized patients.

3. What factor has been shown to contribute to poor nutritional health among adolescents?

• A. Most teens choose fruit juice and milk over soda
• B. Many teens consume energy drinks on a regular basis
• C. Teens have busy schedules and rarely drink fluids throughout the day
• D. Teens are more likely to consume low-fat milk

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because many teens regularly consume energy drinks, which can contribute to poor nutritional health due to their high sugar and caffeine content, leading to unhealthy dietary patterns. Choice A is incorrect because choosing fruit juice and milk over soda would generally be considered a healthier choice. Choice C is incorrect as busy schedules leading to inadequate fluid intake might impact hydration but not necessarily poor nutritional health. Choice D is also incorrect as consuming low-fat milk is not typically a significant factor contributing to poor nutritional health among adolescents.

4. What does oliguria lead to in patients with acute kidney injury?

• A. Hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue
• B. An increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone
• C. Sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium
• D. Edema due to increased urine production

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria (reduced urine output) often results in sodium retention and hyperkalemia (elevated levels of potassium). This is due to the kidneys' decreased capacity to excrete these substances. Choice A is incorrect because hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue are not direct consequences of oliguria in acute kidney injury. Choice B is incorrect because an increase in blood potassium levels is not caused by excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone but rather by decreased excretion of potassium. Choice D is incorrect because edema is not caused by increased urine production but rather by fluid overload due to decreased urine output.

5. The nurse cares for a hospitalized adolescent with the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Which nursing goal is a priority for this client?

• A. Encourage effective coping skills
• B. Restore normal eating habits
• C. Stop weight loss or restore weight
• D. Promote realistic self-image

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the treatment of anorexia nervosa, stopping weight loss or restoring weight is a critical priority. This helps address the immediate health risks associated with severe malnutrition and supports the client's physical well-being. Encouraging effective coping skills, restoring normal eating habits, and promoting a realistic self-image are essential aspects of treatment but may come later in the care plan once the immediate risk of severe weight loss has been addressed.

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