Nursing Elites

1. Being in contact with reality and the environment is a function of the:

• A. conscience
• B. ego
• C. id
• D. super ego

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Being in contact with reality and the environment is a function of the ego. The ego is responsible for mediating between the id's basic desires, the superego's idealistic standards, and the real world. The conscience (not listed as a choice) is related to feelings of guilt or moral responsibility. The id represents primal instincts, and the superego represents the internalized ideals and moral standards.

2. Which neuromuscular disease is characterized by abnormal chewing and swallowing patterns, tremors of the mandible, lip, and tongue, frequent drooling, and holding food in the mouth for extended periods?

• A. Developmental disabilities
• B. Parkinson's disease
• C. Epilepsy
• D. Diabetes mellitus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by abnormal chewing and swallowing patterns, tremors of the mandible, lip, and tongue, frequent drooling, and difficulties in oral functions like holding food in the mouth. Developmental disabilities (Choice A) do not specifically cause these symptoms related to neuromuscular function. Epilepsy (Choice C) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures and does not typically present with the described symptoms. Diabetes mellitus (Choice D) is a metabolic disorder that affects blood sugar regulation and does not directly cause the neuromuscular symptoms mentioned in the question.

3. Mrs. Pichay who is for thoracentesis is assigned by the nurse to any of the following positions, EXCEPT:

• A. straddling a chair with arms and head resting on the back of the chair
• B. lying on the unaffected side with the bed elevated 30-40 degrees
• C. lying prone with the head of the bed lowered 15-30 degrees
• D. sitting on the edge of the bed with her feet supported and arms and head on a padded overhead table

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. Which of the following ethical principles refers to the duty to do good?

• A. Beneficence
• B. Fidelity
• C. Veracity
• D. Nonmaleficence

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. A nurse is preparing to administer a gavage feeding via a nasogastric tube to a preterm newborn who is receiving supplemental oxygen. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Stabilize the tube with tape to the newborn’s cheek.
• B. Remove supplemental oxygen during the feeding.
• C. Measure the stomach aspirate prior to the feeding.
• D. Place the newborn on their left side for 30 minutes after the feeding.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Measuring the stomach aspirate prior to the feeding is crucial to ensure the correct placement and function of the nasogastric tube. This step helps prevent complications such as aspiration or improper feeding. Choice A is incorrect as stabilizing the tube with tape to the newborn’s cheek can cause discomfort and skin irritation. Choice B is incorrect because removing supplemental oxygen during the feeding may compromise the newborn's respiratory status. Choice D is incorrect because placing the newborn on their left side for 30 minutes after the feeding is not a standard practice and is unnecessary for administering gavage feeding.

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