Nursing Elites

1. Select all that apply. Characteristics of the 2 main types of essential fatty acids discussed in class include:

• A. they must be supplied by the diet
• B. they can be produced by a process called dehydrogenation
• C. they are anti-inflammatory
• D. they are all polyunsaturated fatty acids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'they must be supplied by the diet.' Essential fatty acids, like omega-3 and omega-6, cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through the diet. They are polyunsaturated fatty acids, playing vital roles in inflammation and cell membrane structure. Choice B is incorrect because essential fatty acids cannot be produced by dehydrogenation, a process of removing hydrogen. Choice C is incorrect as not all essential fatty acids are anti-inflammatory; some have pro-inflammatory roles. Choice D is incorrect because not all essential fatty acids are polyunsaturated; omega-9, for example, is a monounsaturated essential fatty acid.

2. When is infertility said to exist?

• A. When a woman has no uterus
• B. When a woman has no children
• C. When a couple has been trying to conceive for 1 year without success
• D. When a couple has desired a child for 6 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. Therefore, the correct answer is C. A, B, and D are incorrect. While having no uterus (choice A) may result in infertility, it is not the sole determining factor. Similarly, not having children (choice B) does not automatically indicate infertility. Lastly, the time frame of 6 months (choice D) is not sufficient to determine infertility; typically, a year of trying without success is required for such a diagnosis.

3. During an initial visit with an older adult client living alone and having difficulty preparing meals, what should the home health nurse do first?

• A. Discuss nutritional requirements with the client.
• B. Refer the client to a senior citizen center.
• C. Arrange for a home-delivered meal program.
• D. Perform a nutrition screening.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Performing a nutrition screening is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take first. This allows the nurse to assess the client's current nutritional status and identify any specific needs. Discussing nutritional requirements with the client (Choice A) may be important but should come after the initial assessment. Referring the client to a senior citizen center (Choice B) or arranging for a home-delivered meal program (Choice C) are actions that may be considered later based on the findings of the nutrition screening.

4. A healthcare professional is preparing an education program for a group of parents of adolescents. Which of the following should be included as indicators of nutritional risk among adolescents? (Select one that does not apply.)

• A. Skipping more than three meals per week
• B. Eating fast food once weekly
• C. Eating without family supervision frequently
• D. Frequently skipping breakfast

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Among the indicators of nutritional risk among adolescents, skipping meals, eating without family supervision, and frequently skipping breakfast are commonly associated with poor nutrition. However, eating fast food once weekly may not necessarily indicate a significant nutritional risk, as occasional consumption of fast food in moderation is not uncommon among adolescents. This choice is the correct answer because it does not strongly correlate with nutritional risk compared to the other options provided.

5. According to the DASH Eating Plan, Carmen's daily sodium intake should not exceed how many milligrams to ensure the plan's effectiveness?

• A. 1000 milligrams
• B. 2500 milligrams
• C. 3000 milligrams
• D. 1500 milligrams

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The DASH Eating Plan is designed to lower blood pressure and is most effective when daily sodium intake is limited to 1500 milligrams or less. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer. Choices A (1000 milligrams), B (2500 milligrams), and C (3000 milligrams) are incorrect because they either fall below or exceed the recommended daily sodium intake for the DASH Eating Plan.

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