ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Test
1. A client who 1) _____ diet requires 2) ___ amounts of vitamin C.
- A. A) Follows a vegan diet, B) More
- B. B) Smokes cigarettes, B) More
- C. A) Follows a vegan diet, C) The same
- D. B) Smokes cigarettes, C) The same
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) Smokes cigarettes, More. Smoking increases the need for vitamin C as it can deplete the body's vitamin C levels. Vegan diets, on the other hand, require more vitamin C for optimal absorption due to the absence of heme iron, which enhances non-heme iron absorption. Choices A and C are incorrect because vegan diets require more vitamin C, while smoking increases the need for vitamin C.
2. Which enzyme is most essential for hydrolyzing large protein molecules?
- A. Gastric lipase
- B. Pepsin
- C. Mucus
- D. Intrinsic factor
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pepsin, choice B, is the correct answer as it is a proteolytic enzyme that is essential for the breakdown of large protein molecules in the stomach. Gastric lipase, choice A, is incorrect because it primarily targets fats, not proteins, hence it is not involved in protein hydrolysis. Mucus, choice C, is incorrect as it serves to protect the stomach lining from acidic gastric juices and does not play a direct role in protein digestion. Intrinsic factor, choice D, is incorrect as it is vital for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the small intestine and doesn't participate in the process of hydrolyzing proteins.
3. Which symptoms are associated with cancer of the colon?
- A. constipation, ascites, and mucus in the stool
- B. diarrhea, heartburn, and eructation
- C. blood in the stools, anemia, and 'pencil-shaped' stools
- D. anorexia, hematemesis, and increased peristalsis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct symptoms associated with cancer of the colon are blood in the stools, anemia, and 'pencil-shaped' stools. These symptoms are classic indicators of colorectal cancer. Choices A, B, and D do not typically present in colorectal cancer. Constipation, ascites, and mucus in the stool are more commonly associated with other gastrointestinal conditions. Diarrhea, heartburn, and eructation are not typical symptoms of colon cancer. Anorexia, hematemesis, and increased peristalsis are more indicative of other gastrointestinal issues and not specific to colon cancer.
4. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the GI tract?
- A. produce bile
- B. kill bacteria
- C. produce vitamin K
- D. increase the surface area for absorption
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Villi and microvilli in the GI tract serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine, aiding in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as villi and microvilli are primarily involved in enhancing absorption, not in producing bile, killing bacteria, or producing vitamin K.
5. Dental hygienists are in a key position to assess and detect signs and symptoms of systemic disease because more than one third of the patients treated in a dental office frequently do not interact with a general health care provider.
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Dental hygienists often see patients more regularly than general healthcare providers, allowing them to identify systemic issues early.
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