ATI RN
MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology Final 2024
1. What is the primary cause of primary hypercholesteremia?
- A. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) defects
- B. Monogenic mutations, sedentary lifestyle, and high cholesterol diet
- C. Polygenic mutations and environmental factors
- D. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mutation with defects in breakdown
Correct answer: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mutation with defects in breakdown
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mutation with defects in breakdown.' Primary hypercholesteremia is mainly caused by mutations in the LDL receptor, leading to impaired clearance of LDL cholesterol from the blood. This results in high levels of LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the primary cause of primary hypercholesteremia.
2. What is the major difference between managers and leaders?
- A. Leaders usually have legitimate power.
- B. Leaders do not necessarily make good managers.
- C. Managers are not always leaders.
- D. Managers always have legitimate power.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The major difference between managers and leaders is that managers always have legitimate power. This is because managers derive their authority from their position within an organization, giving them legitimate power over subordinates. On the other hand, leaders do not always have legitimate power; their influence may come from various sources such as expertise, charisma, or the ability to inspire others. Choice A is incorrect because not all leaders necessarily have legitimate power. Choice B is incorrect as it is a generalization that leaders do not make good managers, which is not always the case. Choice C is incorrect as there can be managers who are also effective leaders.
3. A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about measures to take when caring for a client who is on contact precautions. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Remove the protective gown after leaving the client's room
- B. Place the client in a room with positive pressure
- C. Wear gloves when providing care to the client
- D. Wear a mask when entering the client's room
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct measure to include when caring for a client on contact precautions is to wear gloves when providing care. Gloves help prevent the spread of infection and cross-contamination. Choice A is incorrect because the protective gown should be removed before leaving the client's room to prevent the spread of pathogens. Choice B is incorrect as clients on contact precautions should be in a room with negative pressure to prevent the spread of airborne contaminants. Choice D is incorrect as wearing a mask when changing linens is not specifically required for contact precautions.
4. One of the steps in coaching is often overlooked and taken for granted. What is this step?
- A. Stating the target
- B. Jumping to conclusions
- C. Asking for suggestions
- D. Tying the problem to clients' care
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In coaching, tying the problem to clients' care is crucial but often overlooked. This step ensures that the coach and the client focus on issues directly impacting the client's well-being. Stating the target (choice A) is important but not as critical as tying the problem to clients' care. Jumping to conclusions (choice B) is counterproductive in coaching as it may lead to incorrect assumptions. Asking for suggestions (choice C) is valuable, but it does not address the core aspect of linking the issue to the client's care, which is essential for effective coaching.
5. A nurse is planning care for a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Place the client in the supine position.
- B. Perform chest percussion every 4 hours.
- C. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula.
- D. Limit fluid intake to 1,500 mL/day.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with pneumonia is to perform chest percussion every 4 hours. Chest percussion helps loosen secretions and improve airway clearance in clients with pneumonia. Placing the client in the supine position can worsen breathing, so it is incorrect. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula is a common intervention for clients with respiratory issues but is not specific to pneumonia. Limiting fluid intake to 1,500 mL/day may not be appropriate as pneumonia can lead to dehydration, so it is not the priority intervention.
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