Nursing Elites

1. People born during the baby boom between 1946 and 1964 tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times due to __________ influences.

• A. age-graded
• B. history-graded
• C. nonnormative
• D. bio-historical Answer: B Page Ref: 9‒10 Skill Level: Remember Topic: The Lifespan Perspective: A Balanced Point of View Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: People born during the baby boom between 1946 and 1964 tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times due to history-graded influences. These influences refer to the events and conditions that are common to a particular historical era and can significantly shape the development and experiences of individuals who live through them. The post-World War II era, economic prosperity, and social changes during the baby boom period are examples of historical events that have had a lasting impact on this generation.

2. In all societies studied, the most common attachment quality is the __________ pattern.

• A. insecure-avoidant
• B. insecure-resistant
• C. disorganized/disoriented
• D. secure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'secure.' Research shows that the secure attachment pattern is the most common across various societies. In this pattern, children feel safe, secure, and loved, allowing them to explore the world and seek comfort from their caregivers when needed. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while these attachment patterns exist, they are not as prevalent or universal as the secure attachment pattern. Insecure-avoidant attachment involves children avoiding or ignoring their caregiver, insecure-resistant attachment consists of ambivalence and mixed emotions towards the caregiver, and disorganized/disoriented attachment is characterized by inconsistent and often chaotic behaviors towards the caregiver.

3. When trying to soothe a crying baby, what technique do Western parents typically attempt first?

• A. Massaging the baby's body
• B. Offering a pacifier and a receiving blanket
• C. Playing recorded womb sounds or sounds of nature
• D. Lifting the baby to the shoulder and rocking or walking

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When Western parents aim to soothe a crying baby, the technique they usually try first is lifting the baby to the shoulder and rocking or walking. This method is effective because the motion and closeness provided by rocking or walking can help calm the baby and offer comfort. Choice A is incorrect as massaging the baby's body is not typically the first technique used. Choice B is incorrect as offering a pacifier and a receiving blanket may be tried after lifting the baby to the shoulder. Choice C is also incorrect as playing recorded sounds is usually not the initial technique attempted.

4. The information-processing perspective __________.

• A. examines separate aspects of thinking
• B. fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development
• C. applies only to children in cultures having formal schooling
• D. focuses on overall cognitive change

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The information-processing perspective focuses on how individuals process, store, and retrieve information. Choice A, 'examines separate aspects of thinking,' accurately reflects this perspective. The other choices are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because the information-processing perspective does consider biological influences on cognitive development. Choice C is incorrect as this perspective is not limited to children in cultures with formal schooling. Choice D is incorrect as the information-processing perspective does not focus on overall cognitive change, but rather on the specific processes involved in information processing.

5. Critics worry that fetal monitoring __________.

• A. numbs the entire lower half of the body, making it difficult to feel contractions
• B. is not helpful in detecting hidden problems with the baby
• C. identifies babies as in danger who, in fact, are not
• D. increases the likelihood of infant brain damage

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Critics worry that fetal monitoring may identify babies as in danger who, in fact, are not. This can lead to unnecessary interventions and stress for the parents. It is important to carefully consider the accuracy and benefits of fetal monitoring to avoid unnecessary harm to both the mother and the baby. Choice A is incorrect because fetal monitoring does not cause numbness in the lower half of the body. Choice B is incorrect as fetal monitoring is helpful in detecting hidden problems with the baby. Choice D is incorrect as there is no direct link between fetal monitoring and an increased likelihood of infant brain damage.

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