Nursing Elites

1. Paired organs, such as the kidneys or lungs, are said to be

• A. bisexual.
• B. bilingual.
• C. bilateral.
• D. bivalent.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'bilateral.' Paired organs like the kidneys or lungs are described as bilateral because they occur in pairs on both sides of the body. Option A 'bisexual' refers to having both male and female reproductive organs, which is not the correct term for paired organs. Option B 'bilingual' refers to being able to speak two languages, which is not related to the description of paired organs. Option D 'bivalent' means having two valences, which is also unrelated to the context of paired organs.

2. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

• A. decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
• B. increased cardiac output
• C. decreased respiratory rate
• D. increased urinary output

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to an increase in cardiac output. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it causes the heart to beat faster and with more force, leading to an increased cardiac output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system does not cause decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles, decreased respiratory rate, or increased urinary output.

3. The origin of the term 'anatomy' is related to

• A. the Greek word for 'function.'
• B. the name of the first anatomist.
• C. the Greek word for 'cutting up.'
• D. the function of internal organs.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: the Greek word for 'cutting up.' The term 'anatomy' originates from the Greek words 'ana' (up) and 'temnein' (to cut), which means 'cutting up' or 'dissection.' This term refers to the process of dissecting bodies to study their structure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because 'anatomy' is not related to the Greek word for 'function,' the name of the first anatomist, or the function of internal organs, but rather to the act of cutting up for study and examination.

4. Why are anatomy and physiology difficult to separate?

• A. Physiological functions depend on anatomical structures.
• B. Physiological functions in an organism are ongoing.
• C. Body parts provide structural support.
• D. Our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because physiological functions depend on anatomical structures. The correct answer highlights the interdependence between the two disciplines; physiological functions are carried out by anatomical structures. Choice B is incorrect as it only states a characteristic of physiological functions without addressing the relationship with anatomy. Choice C is incorrect as it talks about body parts providing structural support, which is not directly related to the interdependence of anatomy and physiology. Choice D is incorrect because the rate of change in understanding does not necessarily dictate the difficulty of separating the two disciplines.

5. The transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle greatly changed the types of diseases and injuries that early peoples suffered.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is True. The transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle did indeed greatly change the types of diseases and injuries that early peoples suffered. With the shift to agriculture came increased sedentism, population density, and interaction with domesticated animals, leading to the emergence of new diseases and health challenges. Choice B is incorrect because the statement is true based on historical and archaeological evidence. Choice C is incorrect as there is historical data supporting the impact of this transition. Choice D is incorrect as it is not applicable since all options do not hold true in this context.

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