Nursing Elites

1. Paired organs, such as the kidneys or lungs, are said to be

• A. bisexual.
• B. bilingual.
• C. bilateral.
• D. bivalent.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'bilateral.' Paired organs like the kidneys or lungs are described as bilateral because they occur in pairs on both sides of the body. Option A 'bisexual' refers to having both male and female reproductive organs, which is not the correct term for paired organs. Option B 'bilingual' refers to being able to speak two languages, which is not related to the description of paired organs. Option D 'bivalent' means having two valences, which is also unrelated to the context of paired organs.

2. Which of the following ions is most abundant in extracellular fluid?

• A. Calcium
• B. Chloride
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sodium is the most abundant ion in extracellular fluid. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Calcium (Choice A) is mainly found in bones and teeth, Chloride (Choice B) is the major anion in extracellular fluid but not the most abundant ion, and Potassium (Choice D) is found predominantly inside cells.

3. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is

• A. anterior
• B. proximal
• C. superficial
• D. superior

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'superficial.' In anatomy, the term 'superficial' refers to a structure that is close to the surface of the body. Choice A, 'anterior,' refers to the front of the body, not specifically to depth. Choice B, 'proximal,' refers to a structure that is closer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body. Choice D, 'superior,' indicates a structure that is above or higher in position.

4. Which of the following bones is a component of the appendicular skeleton?

• A. Xiphoid process
• B. Symphysis pubis
• C. Sacrum
• D. Sternum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Symphysis pubis. The symphysis pubis is a component of the appendicular skeleton, specifically part of the pelvic girdle. The xiphoid process (Choice A) is part of the axial skeleton, located at the lower end of the sternum. The sacrum (Choice C) is also part of the axial skeleton, forming the posterior part of the pelvis. The sternum (Choice D) is part of the axial skeleton, located in the center of the chest.

5. Do chromosomes get longer as a cell ages?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chromosomes do not get longer as a cell ages. In fact, chromosomes condense and become more compact during cell division to ensure proper segregation. Choice A is incorrect because chromosomes do not elongate with age. Choice C is not the correct answer as there is scientific evidence to support that chromosomes do not lengthen over time. Choice D is not the right option as the correct answer is 'False' in this case.

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