Nursing Elites

1. An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n)

• A. anatomist.
• B. physiologist.
• C. chemist.
• D. biochemist.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'physiologist.' A physiologist studies how the body functions under normal and abnormal conditions, including how temperature changes can affect physiological processes like heart rate. An anatomist focuses on the structure of organisms rather than their functions, making choice A incorrect. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they are more related to the study of chemicals and biochemistry, which are not directly relevant to investigating the effects of temperature on heart rate.

2. What is the membrane on the surface of a lung called?

• A. visceral pleura
• B. parietal pleura
• C. visceral pericardium
• D. parietal pericardium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: visceral pleura. The membrane covering the surface of the lungs is called the visceral pleura. It is a serous membrane that is in direct contact with the lung tissue. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the parietal pleura covers the inner surface of the chest wall and diaphragm, the visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and the parietal pericardium is the outer layer of the pericardium surrounding the heart, respectively.

3. Which of the following statements is true concerning the female reproductive system?

• A. It produces female sex cells.
• B. It transports the female sex cells.
• C. It can support the development of an embryo.
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'All of the above.' The female reproductive system produces female sex cells (eggs), transports them through the fallopian tubes, and can support the development of an embryo through the uterus. Choice A is correct because the ovaries produce eggs, choice B is correct as the fallopian tubes transport the eggs, and choice C is correct as the uterus provides the environment for the embryo to develop. Therefore, all of these statements are true regarding the female reproductive system.

4. Which of the following structures of the gastrointestinal system absorbs iron and bile salts?

• A. Ileum
• B. Jejunum
• C. Colon
• D. Duodenum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Ileum. The Ileum is the final section of the small intestine where the absorption of key nutrients such as iron and bile salts occurs. The Jejunum mainly absorbs nutrients like carbohydrates and proteins, while the Duodenum primarily facilitates the absorption of minerals and vitamins. The Colon's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes, not iron and bile salts. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

5. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

• A. Growth hormone
• B. Luteinizing hormone
• C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
• D. Antidiuretic hormone

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a key role in regulating the body's water balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Growth hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland, Luteinizing hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland, and Adrenocorticotropic hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

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