Nursing Elites

1. The recent discovery of taste receptors that detect sweetness in the small intestine illustrates that

• A. chemical responses occur in various parts of the body.
• B. new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made.
• C. everything about anatomy and physiology has been discovered.
• D. the molecular and cellular level is crucial in anatomy and physiology.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine illustrates that new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made. This finding demonstrates that our understanding of the human body is continuously evolving. Choice A is incorrect because the discovery does not imply that chemical responses occur in only one part of the body but rather showcases a specific new discovery. Choice C is incorrect as it is highly improbable that everything about anatomy and physiology has been discovered given the complexity of the human body. Choice D is incorrect as while the molecular and cellular level is important in anatomy and physiology, the primary focus of this discovery is on the new findings about the taste receptors in the small intestine.

2. Which of the following illustrates a positive feedback mechanism?

• A. Maintaining blood pressure
• B. Uterine contractions during childbirth
• C. Body temperature control
• D. Control of blood sugar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is uterine contractions during childbirth. This is an example of a positive feedback mechanism where the initial stimulus (contractions) leads to an increase in intensity and frequency, ultimately resulting in childbirth. In contrast, choices A, C, and D (maintaining blood pressure, body temperature control, and control of blood sugar) are examples of negative feedback mechanisms. These mechanisms work to maintain stability by counteracting any deviations from the set point, rather than amplifying the response like in a positive feedback mechanism.

3. The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: True. The muscular system is indeed responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and the production of body heat. Muscles contract and relax to allow movement, help in maintaining an upright posture, and generate heat through muscle activity. Choice B is incorrect because the functions mentioned are accurate. Choice C is incorrect as the functions of the muscular system are well-established. Choice D is incorrect as there is a correct answer among the options.

4. Is the parietal pleura a visceral membrane?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the parietal pleura is a visceral membrane is false. The parietal pleura is actually a membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and is responsible for protecting and cushioning the lungs. Visceral pleura, on the other hand, is the membrane that covers the surface of the lungs. Therefore, the parietal pleura is not a visceral membrane, making the correct answer 'False.' Choices C and D are not relevant as the question is asking for a true/false statement.

5. What effect does aldosterone secretion have on electrolyte levels?

• A. Calcium levels are decreased
• B. Sodium levels are increased
• C. Potassium levels are increased
• D. Magnesium levels are decreased

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Aldosterone is a hormone that primarily acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the bloodstream. As a result, sodium levels are increased. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Aldosterone does not significantly affect calcium, potassium, or magnesium levels.

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