Nursing Elites

1. Organizations are made up of intertwined links and diversified choices that generate unanticipated consequences. This defines which of the following theories?

• A. Contingency theory
• B. Closed system theory
• C. Open system theory
• D. Chaos theory

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Chaos theory. Chaos theory is characterized by organizations that are made up of intertwined links and diversified choices that generate unanticipated consequences. Contingency theory (choice A) is based on the idea that there is no one best way to organize and manage a corporation. Closed system theory (choice B) refers to systems that are closed off from the outside environment and do not interact with it. Open system theory (choice C) views organizations as open systems that interact with their external environment.

2. In our culturally diverse society, barriers to health care result from:

• A. Prejudice
• B. Different socioeconomic status
• C. Differences in language
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a culturally diverse society, barriers to health care can stem from various factors. These include differences in language, various socioeconomic statuses, and prejudices. These factors can create obstacles for individuals in accessing healthcare services. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of the above' as all the provided choices contribute to barriers in healthcare access. Choice A, 'Prejudice,' is correct as biases and discrimination can prevent individuals from receiving proper care. Choice B, 'Different socioeconomic status,' is accurate as financial disparities can limit access to healthcare services. Choice C, 'Differences in language,' is also valid as language barriers can hinder effective communication and understanding between patients and healthcare providers.

3. A nurse has a seriously ill parent and must take care of the parent at home. Which of the following would NOT be a suitable solution to this problem? (EXCEPT)

• A. Resignation
• B. FMLA
• C. Termination
• D. LOA

Correct answer: C

Rationale: FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to care for a seriously ill family member, securing the employee's job status. Termination and resignation involve ending employment, which is not a suitable solution as it does not provide job security. LOA (Leave of Absence) is often unpaid and does not guarantee job protection, making it less suitable than FMLA in this scenario.

4. Which of the following are considered part of the operating expenses within health care organizations? (EXCEPT)

• A. Maintenance costs
• B. Rental fees
• C. Renovation costs
• D. Supplies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Operating expenses in health care organizations typically include costs like maintenance, rental fees, and supplies as they are necessary for the day-to-day operations. Renovation costs, on the other hand, are considered capital expenses as they involve significant improvements to facilities rather than routine operational expenses. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choices A, B, and D are part of operating expenses in health care organizations because they directly contribute to the ongoing operational needs.

5. Successful professional nurses benefit from working with mentors. What mutually rewarding outcomes are realized in mentoring relationships? (EXCEPT)

• A. Instilling a sense of accomplishing a meaningful effort
• B. Assuming each other's characteristics
• C. Fostering an interdependent relationship
• D. Promoting self-esteem

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Professional nurses who seek mentoring relationships work with their mentors to gain objective feedback, guidance, and confidence. A mentoring relationship is critical when making job decisions, establishing goals, discussing professional judgment, considering ethical issues, and in determining challenges for growth. Choice B, "Assuming each other's characteristics," is incorrect because mentoring is about learning, guidance, and support to develop one's own professional identity, not about assuming someone else's characteristics. Choices A, C, and D are all beneficial outcomes of mentoring relationships, including instilling a sense of accomplishment, fostering interdependence, and promoting self-esteem, respectively.

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