ATI RN
Psychological Exam
1. Which characteristics are associated with adults fixated in the anal stage?
- A. Orderliness, obstinacy, or messiness
- B. Fixated in the oral stage
- C. Dissolves the electra complex
- D. Triggers penis envy, which then dissolves the female oedipus complex
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Orderliness, obstinacy, or messiness.' According to Freud's psychosexual theory, fixation in the anal stage can lead to these characteristics in adulthood. Choice B is incorrect as fixation in the oral stage is associated with issues related to dependency and aggression. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the Electra complex, which is not related to the anal stage fixation. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to penis envy and the female Oedipus complex, which are not directly related to characteristics of adults fixated in the anal stage.
2. During a discussion about the nursing profession at a middle school, which of the following statements is true?
- A. Nurses need to graduate from nursing school to earn a degree.
- B. Nursing is a profession that values continuous education.
- C. Nurses function autonomously within their scope of practice.
- D. Nurses must adhere to professional behaviors in all aspects of their lives.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Nurses are healthcare professionals who can independently make decisions within their defined scope of practice, providing care to patients. This autonomy allows nurses to assess, diagnose, plan, intervene, and evaluate patient care without direct supervision from physicians. Choice A is incorrect because nurses need to graduate from nursing school to earn a degree, not necessarily to obtain a license. Choice B is incorrect because while continuous education is important in nursing, it is not a defining characteristic of the profession. Choice D is incorrect because while nurses are expected to adhere to professional behaviors, it is not limited to their professional lives but extends to their personal lives as well.
3. The nurse suspects fluid overload in an infant receiving intravenous fluids. What clinical manifestation is suggestive of water intoxication?
- A. Oliguria
- B. Weight loss
- C. Irritability and seizures
- D. Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Water intoxication can lead to cerebral edema, causing neurological symptoms such as irritability and seizures. Oliguria, weight loss, and muscle weakness are not typical signs of water intoxication.
4. While caring for a client in a clinic, a healthcare professional learns that the client woke up not recognizing their partner, surroundings, has chills, and chest pain worsening upon inspiration. What should be the healthcare professional's priority action?
- A. Obtain baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation.
- B. Obtain a sputum culture.
- C. Obtain a complete history from the client.
- D. Provide a pneumococcal vaccine.
Correct answer: Obtain baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation.
Rationale: The priority action for the healthcare professional is to obtain the client's baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation. This will provide essential information on the client's current physiological status and help guide further assessment and intervention. Assessing the vital signs and oxygen saturation can help identify any immediate concerns like hypoxia or sepsis, which require prompt attention. While obtaining a complete history and considering a pneumococcal vaccine may be important in the overall care of the client, assessing the vital signs and oxygen saturation takes precedence to address the client's immediate physiological needs.
5. Which change during pregnancy is related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Constipation
- C. Decreased absorption of iron
- D. Decreased absorption of calcium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: During pregnancy, the gastrointestinal tract tends to slow down, leading to constipation. This is due to hormonal changes that relax the intestinal muscles, allowing more time for nutrient absorption and ultimately leading to constipation. Diarrhea is not typically associated with the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. Decreased absorption of iron and calcium may occur during pregnancy due to increased demands, but they are not directly related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract.
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