Nursing Elites

1. One of Freud's major contributions to current perspectives of mental disorders is ________.

• A. the concept of the Oedipal complex.
• B. the concept of the unconscious and how it can affect behavior.
• C. the concept of the Electra complex.
• D. the understanding of the three structures of personality.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Freud's major contribution to current perspectives of mental disorders is the concept of the unconscious and its influence on behavior. While the Oedipal complex (Choice A) and Electra complex (Choice C) are important psychoanalytic concepts introduced by Freud, they are more focused on childhood psychosexual development rather than mental disorders. The understanding of the three structures of personality (Choice D) refers to Freud's id, ego, and superego model, which is essential in psychoanalytic theory but not specifically related to mental disorders.

2. In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to?

• A. Amount of suffering the individual is experiencing due to the mental disorder
• B. Inability of an individual to fulfill a certain role (e.g., work or family obligation)
• C. The capacity of the individual to cause harm to the people around them
• D. The tendency of an individual to display behaviors that are culturally unexpected

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to behavior that is culturally unexpected or violates social norms. This means that the individual displays behaviors that are not typical or acceptable within their specific culture or society. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the concept of deviance in the context of defining a mental disorder. The amount of suffering, inability to fulfill a role, or capacity to cause harm are important considerations in understanding mental disorders but are not specifically related to deviance.

3. A group of psychologists is conducting research to determine whether people eat more when they are in the presence of environmental stimuli that increase anxiety, such as loud noises or flashing lights. These scientists most likely follow?

• A. The behavioral perspective.
• B. The psychodynamic perspective.
• C. The humanistic perspective.
• D. The functionalist perspective.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the behavioral perspective. This perspective focuses on how environmental stimuli influence behavior, making it suitable for studying how anxiety-inducing stimuli affect eating behavior. The psychodynamic perspective (choice B) would focus more on unconscious processes and early life experiences. The humanistic perspective (choice C) emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization. The functionalist perspective (choice D) is more related to the study of the purpose of behavior and mental processes in adapting to the environment.

4. Which term describes the conditions that guarantee the occurrence of a disorder?

• A. Necessary causes
• B. Contributory causes
• C. Sufficient causes
• D. Protective factors

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sufficient causes.' Sufficient causes are conditions that alone are enough to guarantee the occurrence of a disorder. Necessary causes refer to factors that must be present for the disorder to occur but are not enough on their own. Contributory causes increase the likelihood of a disorder but are not enough to cause it by themselves. Protective factors are conditions that reduce the likelihood of a disorder occurring.

5. Daniel is pretending that one of his blocks is a car. Daniel is exhibiting which function?

• A. Abstraction
• B. Preoperational
• C. Overextension
• D. Semiotic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Abstraction. Pretending that a block is a car demonstrates abstraction, where one object is used to represent another. Choice B, Preoperational, refers to Piaget's stage of cognitive development. Choice C, Overextension, involves using a word in a broader context than is appropriate. Choice D, Semiotic, refers to the use of symbols to represent ideas or concepts, which is not directly related to the scenario described in the question.

Similar Questions