Nursing Elites

1. An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school in high school so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is ________.

• A. Look for kids who are very popular because they are class clowns.
• B. Silent, depressed, loners tend to be dropouts because they are often depressed.
• C. There is no way to predict juvenile delinquency as early as elementary school.
• D. The best predictor is aggression toward peers, which leads to peer rejection.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The best advice is to look for aggression toward peers as the best predictor of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school. Option A is incorrect because being popular or a class clown doesn't necessarily indicate delinquency. Option B is incorrect as not all silent, depressed loners end up as dropouts. Option C is incorrect as research shows that early signs of aggression can predict future delinquent behavior and school dropout rates, making it feasible to intervene early.

2. Classical and operant conditioning theories are classified under _________________, while sociocultural theory and Piaget's theory fall under ________________.?

• A. Psychodynamic; cognitive
• B. Learning; behavior modelling
• C. Behavioral; sociocultural
• D. Centration; cognitive

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Classical and operant conditioning theories are forms of learning theories, making them fall under the category of cognitive theories. On the other hand, sociocultural theory and Piaget's theory are cognitive theories that focus on how individuals perceive and process information, hence correctly classified under cognitive theories. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the classifications of the specified theories.

3. Who is credited with establishing psychology as a distinct scientific field, separate from other disciplines?

• A. G. Stanley Hall
• B. René Descartes
• C. William James
• D. Wilhelm Wundt

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt is the correct answer as he is credited with establishing psychology as a distinct scientific field. Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated to experimental psychology in 1879, which marked the beginning of psychology as a separate discipline. While the other individuals mentioned in the choices have made significant contributions to the field of psychology, Wilhelm Wundt is specifically known for his pioneering work in establishing psychology as a unique and independent discipline.

4. Which field of psychology studies attitude change and group behavior?

• A. Developmental psychology
• B. Social psychology
• C. Psychoanalysis
• D. Psychometrics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Social psychology. Social psychology specifically focuses on studying topics like attitude change and group behavior. Developmental psychology (Choice A) primarily deals with human growth and development across the lifespan. Psychoanalysis (Choice C) is a theoretical approach to psychology developed by Sigmund Freud focusing on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences. Psychometrics (Choice D) involves the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, personality traits, and abilities.

5. How does the biopsychosocial model differ from the biomedical model?

• A. The biopsychosocial model focuses solely on the biological aspects of disease.
• B. The biopsychosocial model includes biological, psychological, and social factors, whereas the biomedical model focuses on only biological factors.
• C. The biopsychosocial model is outdated and has been replaced by the biomedical model.
• D. The biopsychosocial model is identical to the biomedical model.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The biopsychosocial model differs from the biomedical model by considering biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness. Choice A is incorrect because the biopsychosocial model does not solely focus on biological aspects. Choice C is incorrect as the biopsychosocial model is not outdated but rather offers a more comprehensive approach. Choice D is incorrect as the two models are distinct in their considerations of factors beyond biology.

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