ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. What is one focus of current health care?
- A. Increased provision of nursing services
- B. Disease prevention
- C. Symptom management
- D. Identification of disease processes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Disease prevention.' Modern healthcare places emphasis on preventing diseases to enhance overall health and well-being. While nursing services, symptom management, and disease identification are crucial components of healthcare, disease prevention plays a key role in reducing the burden of illness on individuals and communities.
2. Identification and treatment of cryptorchid testes should be done by age 2 years. What is an important consideration?
- A. Medical therapy is not effective after this age.
- B. Treatment is necessary to maintain the ability to be fertile when older.
- C. The younger child can tolerate the extensive surgery needed.
- D. Sexual reassignment may be necessary if treatment is not successful.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Early treatment of cryptorchidism is essential to preserve fertility and prevent complications such as testicular cancer. Surgery is usually well-tolerated, and sexual reassignment is not typically related to this condition.
3. The nurse has just started assessing a young child who is febrile and appears ill. There is hyperextension of the child's head (opisthotonos) with pain on flexion. Which is the most appropriate action?
- A. Ask the parent when the neck was injured
- B. Refer for immediate medical evaluation
- C. Continue assessment to determine the cause of the neck pain
- D. Record head lag on the assessment record and continue the assessment of the child
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Opisthotonos with pain on flexion is a sign of possible meningitis or other serious neurological conditions, requiring immediate medical evaluation.
4. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a 'machine-like' murmur in children?
- A. Patent ductus arteriosus
- B. Ventricular septal defect
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. Coarctation of the aorta
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Patent ductus arteriosus. This condition is characterized by a continuous 'machine-like' murmur due to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Ventricular septal defect (choice B) is characterized by a harsh holosystolic murmur, atrial septal defect (choice C) typically presents with a fixed split S2 and a pulmonary flow murmur, and coarctation of the aorta (choice D) is associated with a systolic murmur in the back and bilateral lower extremities.
5. An infant requires surgery for repair of a cleft lip. An important priority of the preoperative nursing care is which?
- A. Initiating discharge teaching
- B. Performing baseline physical and behavioral assessment
- C. Observing for allergic reactions to preoperative antibiotics
- D. Determining whether this defect exists in other family members
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Performing a baseline physical and behavioral assessment is crucial to determine the infant's current health status and to identify any potential risks before surgery.