Nursing Elites

1. Which explains the importance of detecting strabismus in young children?

• A. Color vision deficit may result.
• B. Amblyopia, a type of blindness, may result.
• C. Epicanthal folds may develop in the affected eye
• D. Corneal light reflexes may fall symmetrically within each pupil

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Undetected strabismus can lead to amblyopia, where the brain favors one eye over the other, potentially resulting in permanent vision loss in the affected eye.

2. What amount of fluid loss occurs with moderate dehydration?

• A. <50 ml/kg
• B. 50 to 90 ml/kg
• C. <5% total body weight
• D. >15% total body weight

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Moderate dehydration is typically defined as a loss of 50 to 90 mL/kg of body weight. This amount reflects significant fluid loss that requires medical attention but is not yet severe.

3. The nurse is discussing growth and development with a group of parents. What should the nurse say about developmental milestones?

• A. Increase in body size.
• B. Age-specific tasks that most children can do at a certain time.
• C. The direction of growth.
• D. Refers to the age group of children.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Age-specific tasks that most children can do at a certain time." Developmental milestones are specific tasks or abilities that most children can achieve at a certain age range. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because developmental milestones are not just about increase in body size, the direction of growth, or the age group of children. They are more focused on the expected tasks and skills children can accomplish at particular ages.

4. When discussing discipline with the mother of a 4-year-old child, which should the nurse include?

• A. Parental control should be consistent.
• B. Withdrawal of love and approval is effective at this age.
• C. Children as young as 4 years rarely need to be disciplined.
• D. One should expect rules to be followed rigidly and unquestioningly.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Consistent parental control is crucial for effective discipline, providing clear expectations and consequences for behavior.

5. The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed, as-needed antiemetic drug for a child diagnosed with cancer. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

• A. Administering the drug only if the child is nauseated.
• B. Administering the drug prophylactically before the next dose of chemotherapy.
• C. Administering the drug after the next dose of chemotherapy.
• D. Administering the drug only if the child is experiencing diarrhea.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering the antiemetic prophylactically before the next dose of chemotherapy is the most appropriate action. This approach helps prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Waiting until the child is already nauseated, as stated in option A, is less effective as it is reactive rather than proactive. Administering the drug after chemotherapy, as in option C, may not be as beneficial in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Option D, administering the drug only if the child is experiencing diarrhea, is not relevant to the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea.

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