ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Clep Practice Exam
1. Among all Western nations, which country has the highest percentage of extremely poor children?
- A. the United States
- B. Canada
- C. Germany
- D. France
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'the United States.' According to the information provided, the United States has the highest percentage of extremely poor children among Western nations. This is supported by the extract, which states that the United States leads in this aspect. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the question specifically asks for the country with the highest percentage of extremely poor children among Western nations, which is the United States.
2. Which enzyme is most essential for the digestion of triglycerides found in butterfat?
- A. Gastric lipase
- B. Pepsin
- C. Mucus
- D. Intrinsic factor
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gastric lipase. Gastric lipase is crucial for the digestion of short- and medium-chain triglycerides, such as those found in butterfat. Pepsin is involved in protein digestion, not lipid digestion. Mucus acts as a protective barrier in the stomach and does not play a direct role in lipid digestion. Intrinsic factor is involved in the absorption of vitamin B12 and is not related to the digestion of triglycerides.
3. What interventions would the nurse implement to maintain the skin integrity of a preterm infant born at 30 weeks?
- A. Avoid using alkaline-based soap.
- B. Bathe the infant with sterile water.
- C. Cleanse skin with a gentle alkaline-based soap and water.
- D. Thoroughly rinse skin with plain water after bathing in a mild hexachlorophene solution.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To maintain the skin integrity of a preterm infant born at 30 weeks, the nurse should bathe the infant with sterile water no more than two or three times per week. The eyes, oral and diaper areas, and pressure points should be cleansed daily. It is essential to avoid using alkaline-based soaps as they might destroy the 'acid mantle' of the skin. Additionally, cleansing with mild solutions and rinsing thoroughly with plain water is recommended to prevent skin irritation and maintain skin integrity. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the best practices for preterm infant skin care.
4. A client on an acute medicine unit of a hospital with a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction is reporting intense, diffuse pain in her abdomen. Which physiologic phenomenon is most likely contributing to her complaint?
- A. Somatic pain resulting from pressure on the parietal peritoneum
- B. Referred pain from her small bowel
- C. Visceral pain resulting from distension and ischemia
- D. Neuropathic pain resulting from autonomic dysfunction
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Visceral pain is associated with distension, ischemia, and inflammation of internal organs. In the case of a small bowel obstruction, the intense, diffuse pain reported by the client is likely due to the distension and ischemia of the small bowel. Somatic pain (Choice A) would be more localized and sharp, typically arising from the parietal peritoneum. Referred pain (Choice B) is pain perceived at a site distant from the actual pathology. Neuropathic pain (Choice D) involves dysfunction or damage to the nervous system and is not typically associated with the described physiologic phenomenon of distension and ischemia in the context of a small bowel obstruction.
5. An infant, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is what?
- A. Normal tooth eruption
- B. Delayed tooth eruption
- C. Unusual and dangerous
- D. Earlier than expected tooth eruption
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Having six teeth at 6 months is earlier than the typical tooth eruption schedule, but it is not unusual or dangerous. It is within the range of normal variations in infant development.
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