Nursing Elites

1. Nutrition therapy for clients with diabetes is based on:

• A. low dietary intake of sugars
• B. standardized diabetic diet plans
• C. each client’s lifestyle and preferences
• D. the client’s weight and blood glucose level

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Nutrition therapy for clients with diabetes should be individualized to each client's lifestyle, preferences, and needs. This approach ensures that the dietary plan is sustainable and tailored to the client, leading to better adherence and improved health outcomes. Choices A and B are too general and do not account for individual differences among clients. Choice D, focusing solely on weight and blood glucose levels, overlooks other crucial aspects of a client's overall well-being and dietary requirements in diabetes management.

2. Myxedema coma is a life-threatening complication of long-standing and untreated hypothyroidism with one of the following characteristics.

• A. Hyperglycemia
• B. Hypothermia
• C. Hyperthermia
• D. Hypoglycemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Myxedema coma is associated with hypothermia, not hyperthermia. Therefore, the correct characteristic of myxedema coma is hypothermia. This condition is a medical emergency that requires prompt recognition and intervention to prevent serious complications. The presence of hyperglycemia is not a defining characteristic of myxedema coma, making choice A the correct answer in this case. Hyperthermia and hypoglycemia are not typically seen in myxedema coma and are not consistent with the clinical presentation of this condition.

3. A healthcare provider is evaluating a client who reports paresthesia of the hands and feet. The provider should identify this manifestation as an indication of which of the following dietary deficiencies?

• A. Iron
• B. Riboflavin
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Correct! Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to neurological symptoms, including paresthesia (tingling or numbness) of the hands and feet, due to its role in nerve health. Iron deficiency is more commonly associated with anemia symptoms like fatigue and pallor. Riboflavin deficiency can cause mouth and skin changes. Vitamin C deficiency is linked to scurvy symptoms like bleeding gums and easy bruising.

4. Individuals who use antiretroviral drugs frequently develop insulin resistance and _____.

• A. hypertension
• B. hypothyroidism
• C. hyperlipidemia
• D. fluid retention

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hyperlipidemia. Antiretroviral drugs can often lead to elevated lipid levels (hyperlipidemia), which is a common side effect of this therapy. This increase in lipids can contribute to cardiovascular risk. Hypertension (choice A) is not typically associated with antiretroviral drug use. Hypothyroidism (choice B) and fluid retention (choice D) are also not commonly linked to antiretroviral therapy.

5. When performing endotracheal suctioning, the nurse applies suctioning while withdrawing and gently rotating the catheter 360 degrees for which of the following time periods?

• A. 10-15 seconds
• B. 30-35 seconds
• C. 20-25 seconds
• D. 0-5 seconds

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During endotracheal suctioning, the nurse should apply suctioning while withdrawing and gently rotating the catheter 360 degrees for a short period of 0-5 seconds. This brief duration helps minimize the risk of hypoxia and trauma to the airway. Choices A, B, and C suggest longer time periods for suctioning, which can increase the risk of complications such as hypoxia, mucosal damage, and the removal of excess amounts of airway secretions.

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