a nurse is providing myplate education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus which plate chosen by the client indicates the teaching was

ATI RN

ATI RN Nutrition Online Practice 2019

1. A nurse is providing MyPlate education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which plate chosen by the client indicates the teaching was effective, according to the MyPlate guidelines?

A. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrate foods, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with fruits and vegetables
B. 1/2 of the plate is filled with protein foods, 1/4 filled with carbohydrates, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
C. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrates, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
D. 1/2 of the plate is filled with non-starchy vegetables, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with carbohydrate foods

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This option reflects the MyPlate guidelines for managing diabetes effectively. In diabetes management, it is essential to focus on non-starchy vegetables, appropriate protein portions, and controlled carbohydrate intake. Option A places too much emphasis on carbohydrates, which may not be suitable for diabetes. Option B swaps the proportions of protein and carbohydrates, which is not in line with the recommended distribution. Option C places too much emphasis on carbohydrates and lacks the emphasis on non-starchy vegetables, making it less suitable for diabetes management.

2. In which type of shock does the patient experience a mismatch of blood flow to the cells?

A. Distributive
B. Cardiogenic
C. Hypovolemic
D. Septic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by a widespread increase in vascular permeability leading to a relative hypovolemia and a mismatch of blood flow to the cells. Choice B, Cardiogenic shock, is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choice C, Hypovolemic shock, results from a decrease in intravascular volume. Choice D, Septic shock, is caused by a systemic response to infection.

3. What are the potential consequences of damage to the stomach?

A. Reduced digestion of carbohydrates
B. Inability to produce or secrete bile
C. Inability to produce or secrete gastric acid
D. Increased ability to produce or secrete intrinsic factor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Damage to the stomach can lead to a reduced ability to produce gastric acid (Choice C) and intrinsic factor, the latter of which is crucial for vitamin B12 absorption (Choice D). That's why these two choices are correct. The stomach doesn't play a direct role in the digestion of carbohydrates (Choice A) as this process primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of pancreatic enzymes. Similarly, bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not the stomach, hence stomach damage wouldn't lead to an inability to produce or secrete bile (Choice B).

4. Each statement is true of rickets, except one. Which is the exception?

A. Rickets is being diagnosed more frequently in the United States.
B. Rickets is caused by vitamin C deficiency.
C. Tachetic deformities such as bow legs or knock-knees develop.
D. A narrow and distorted chest occurs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency, not vitamin C deficiency. It usually occurs in children who are 1 to 3 years old. The name rickets came from the word 'wrikken,' meaning 'to bend or twist.' Common manifestations of rickets include tachetic deformities like bow legs or knock-knees, a narrow and distorted chest, and failure of the epiphyses of bones to develop normally, resulting in twisted and warped bones. While the diagnosis of rickets may be increasing in the United States, it is not caused by a lack of vitamin C.

5. What is the most effective way to limit the number of microorganisms in the hospital?

A. Using strict aseptic technique in all procedures
B. Wearing a mask and gown when caring for all patients with communicable diseases
C. Sterilizing all instruments
D. Handwashing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most effective way to limit the number of microorganisms in the hospital is by using strict aseptic technique in all procedures. This approach ensures that the risk of introducing harmful microorganisms into the hospital environment or patients is minimized. Choice B, wearing a mask and gown when caring for patients with communicable diseases, is important but not as comprehensive as using aseptic technique in all procedures. Sterilizing all instruments (Choice C) is crucial for preventing infections but may not address all avenues of microorganism transmission. Handwashing (Choice D) is a fundamental practice in infection control but alone may not be as effective as utilizing aseptic techniques in all procedures to limit microorganisms in the hospital.