Nursing Elites

1. Mounting evidence suggests that __________ is a major contributor to SIDS.

• A. impaired brain functioning
• B. higher-than-average birth weight
• C. organized and patterned sleep behavior
• D. a family history of chromosomal abnormalities

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Impaired brain functioning is a major contributor to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Research has shown that abnormalities in the brainstem, which controls automatic functions like breathing and heart rate, can play a role in SIDS cases. As such, mounting evidence suggests that compromised brain functioning is a significant factor in the occurrence of SIDS. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Higher-than-average birth weight, organized and patterned sleep behavior, and a family history of chromosomal abnormalities are not identified as major contributors to SIDS according to the provided information.

2. In ecological systems theory, how does Toby's move just before entering fourth grade represent a significant change in his life?

• A. Microsystem
• B. Mesosystem
• C. Exosystem
• D. Chronosystem

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In ecological systems theory, the chronosystem refers to the dimension of time and how events and transitions over time can influence an individual's development. Toby's move just before entering fourth grade represents a significant change in his life that falls under the chronosystem. The microsystem involves the immediate environments and relationships that directly influence an individual, the mesosystem relates to connections between these environments, and the exosystem includes external settings that indirectly influence the individual, such as parents' workplaces. Therefore, Toby's move best exemplifies a change in the chronosystem due to the temporal influence on his development.

3. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum shrinks, and the __________.

• A. cells begin to duplicate
• B. one-celled zygote multiplies and forms a blastocyst
• C. germinal period lasts only about two weeks
• D. lining of the uterus is discarded

Correct answer: D

Rationale: If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will shrink. As a result, the lining of the uterus is discarded through the process of menstruation. This shedding of the uterine lining is what causes menstrual bleeding. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not describe the physiological response of the body when pregnancy does not occur. The corpus luteum shrinking and the subsequent shedding of the uterine lining are part of the menstrual cycle, not processes related to cell duplication, zygote multiplication, or the duration of the germinal period.

4. In egalitarian marriages, __________.

• A. there is a clear division of roles
• B. partners share power and authority
• C. the husband is the head of the household
• D. the wife is responsible for family economic well-being

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In egalitarian marriages, the correct answer is B - partners share power and authority. This type of marriage promotes equality and balance, where both spouses have an equal say in decision-making and share responsibilities. Choice A is incorrect because egalitarian marriages aim to reduce traditional role divisions. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a patriarchal structure, which is contrary to the principles of egalitarianism. Choice D is incorrect as it assigns a specific financial role based on gender, which goes against the idea of equal sharing in all aspects of the marriage.

5. Tiffany is a small-for-date baby. This means she __________.

• A. was born several weeks or more before her due date
• B. was born below her expected weight considering the length of the pregnancy
• C. will probably have much less serious problems than a preterm infant
• D. may have difficulties in infancy but will outgrow them by the preschool years

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A small-for-date baby, also known as a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) baby, is a baby who is born below their expected weight considering the length of the pregnancy. This can be due to various factors including issues with growth restriction in the womb. Being small-for-date is different from being preterm (born prematurely) and does not necessarily mean that the baby was born early. Choice A is incorrect because being small-for-date does not specifically indicate being born several weeks or more before the due date. Choice C is incorrect because being small-for-date does not guarantee fewer problems than a preterm infant, as each baby's health outcomes can vary. Choice D is incorrect because while small-for-date babies may have initial difficulties, it does not guarantee that these issues will be outgrown by the preschool years.

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