Nursing Elites

1. Which statement describes a strength of naturalistic observation?

• A. It reflects the participants' everyday lives.
• B. It permits comparisons of participants' responses.
• C. Great depth and breadth of information can be obtained in a short time.
• D. It grants each participant an equal opportunity to display the behavior of interest.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Naturalistic observation reflects the participants' everyday lives because it involves observing individuals in their natural environments without any manipulation. This allows researchers to see how people behave in real-world settings and can provide valuable insights into their typical behavior patterns. Choice B is incorrect because naturalistic observation focuses on observing behavior in its natural setting rather than comparing responses between participants. Choice C is incorrect as naturalistic observation tends to provide rich, qualitative data rather than a large amount of information in a short time. Choice D is incorrect because in naturalistic observation, participants are observed as they naturally behave, which may not always lead to an equal opportunity for all participants to display the behavior of interest.

2. By age 2, children __________.

• A. take turns in face-to-face interaction
• B. can infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention
• C. adjust their speech to fit the age of their listeners
• D. adjust their speech to fit the social status of their listeners

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By age 2, children are capable of adjusting their speech to fit the age of their listeners, showing early social cognition. Choice A is incorrect because taking turns in face-to-face interaction typically develops later in childhood. Choice B is incorrect as the ability to infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention is a more advanced skill not typically seen at age 2. Choice D is also incorrect as children at age 2 are not developmentally ready to adjust their speech based on the social status of their listeners.

3. The third stage of labor lasts about __________.

• A. 5 to 10 minutes
• B. 20 to 50 minutes
• C. 4 to 6 hours
• D. 12 to 14 hours

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 5 to 10 minutes. The third stage of labor typically lasts about 5 to 10 minutes. This stage begins after the baby is born and ends when the placenta is delivered. It is the shortest stage of labor compared to the first and second stages. Choice B, 20 to 50 minutes, is incorrect as it is too long for the duration of the third stage. Choice C, 4 to 6 hours, and Choice D, 12 to 14 hours, are also incorrect as they are significantly longer than the actual duration of the third stage of labor.

4. The effects of stress on the developing organism can be greatly reduced if the expectant mother __________.

• A. has access to social support during stressful periods
• B. takes a low dose of anti-anxiety medication
• C. takes a folic acid supplement early in pregnancy
• D. is placed on bed rest during the last trimester

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Having access to social support during stressful periods can greatly reduce the effects of stress on the developing organism. Social support can provide emotional comfort, practical assistance, and a sense of belonging, which can help the expectant mother cope with stress more effectively. This support system can also help mitigate the negative impact of stress on the developing baby during pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while folic acid is important for prenatal health, it does not directly address the effects of stress. Taking anti-anxiety medication should be done under medical supervision and as a last resort due to potential risks to the developing baby. Bed rest during the last trimester is not a solution to reduce the effects of stress and may not address the underlying causes of stress.

5. This means that Andrew __________.

• A. is in good physical condition
• B. needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs
• C. is in serious danger and should receive emergency medical attention
• D. was in danger at birth, but quickly recovered and is now in good physical condition Answer: B Page Ref: 95 Skill Level: Apply newborn baby’s appearance. Topic: Childbirth Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement "Andrew needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs" refers to the initial steps taken to ensure a newborn's well-being after birth. This is a common practice to ensure that the newborn is transitioning smoothly into the outside world and is not indicative of a serious danger that requires emergency medical attention.

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