Nursing Elites

1. How is masturbation in the pre-school child viewed?

• A. Abnormal behavior that needs to be dealt with immediately
• B. Disruptive to the family
• C. Normal behavior that can best be dealt with by ignoring and providing distraction
• D. Embarrassing to the parents

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Masturbation in preschool children is a normal behavior as they explore their bodies. It is best viewed as a natural part of development. Parents are often advised to ignore it and provide distractions rather than making the child feel ashamed or embarrassed. Choice A is incorrect because it is a natural behavior and not considered abnormal in this context. Choice B is incorrect as it does not necessarily disrupt the family. Choice D is incorrect as the focus should be on the child's development and well-being, not on the parents' feelings of embarrassment.

2. An effective means of establishing rapport with the hospitalized pre-schooler is through:

• A. Lengthy discussion
• B. Explanation with drawings and models
• C. Play
• D. Silence

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Play is an effective way to communicate and build rapport with young children, especially pre-schoolers. It helps them feel comfortable, express themselves, and establish a connection with the caregiver. Lengthy discussions may not be suitable for their age and attention span, while explanation with drawings and models can enhance communication but may not engage them as effectively as play. Silence, on the other hand, may create a sense of unease or lack of interaction for pre-schoolers.

3. The nurse is assessing a child's capillary refill time. This can be accomplished by doing what?

• A. Inspect the chest
• B. Auscultate the heart
• C. Palpate the apical pulse
• D. Palpate the nail bed with pressure to produce a slight blanching

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Capillary refill time is assessed by applying pressure to the nail bed and observing how quickly the color returns, indicating peripheral circulation status.

4. The LPN is caring for a 1-month-old patient post-surgery. Which pain scale is expected to be used to evaluate post-op pain?

• A. Oucher
• B. Wong-Baker FACES
• C. FLACC
• D. 0-10 pain scale

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale is commonly used to assess pain in infants and young children who are unable to verbally communicate their pain. This scale is particularly useful in assessing post-operative pain in infants as it evaluates different behaviors and physiological responses to pain. The Oucher scale is more commonly used with children who are older and can provide self-report of pain intensity. Wong-Baker FACES scale is primarily used with children who are older and can indicate their pain level by pointing to facial expressions. The 0-10 pain scale is typically used with older children and adults who can rate their pain on a numerical scale.

5. The mother of a 6-year-old boy who has recently had surgery for the removal of his tonsils and adenoids complains that he has begun sucking his thumb again. Which defense mechanism should the nurse include when responding to the mother?

• A. Repression
• B. Regression
• C. Rationalization
• D. Fantasy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regression. Regression is a common defense mechanism where a child reverts to an earlier stage of development, such as thumb-sucking, to cope with stress. In this scenario, the 6-year-old boy is using thumb-sucking (a behavior typical of earlier developmental stages) as a way to deal with the stress of surgery. Repression (choice A) involves unconsciously blocking out thoughts or feelings, which is not applicable in this case. Rationalization (choice C) is a defense mechanism where illogical or unreasonable explanations are provided to justify behavior, which is not relevant here. Fantasy (choice D) refers to the use of imagination to escape from reality, which is also not the appropriate defense mechanism for the situation described.

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