ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. Frequent urine tests for specific gravity are required on a 6-month-old infant. What method is the most appropriate way to collect small amounts of urine for these tests?
- A. Apply a urine collection bag to the perineal area.
- B. Tape a small medicine cup inside of the diaper.
- C. Aspirate urine from cotton balls inside the diaper with a syringe without a needle.
- D. Use a syringe without a needle to aspirate urine from a superabsorbent disposable diaper.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Aspirating urine from cotton balls inside the diaper is a minimally invasive method and effective for collecting small amounts of urine. Using a collection bag can be more cumbersome, and other methods are not as effective for this age.
2. How should a nurse respond to a client with terminal cancer who has requested a change in the level of pain medication?
- A. Increase the dosage without consulting the healthcare provider.
- B. Consult with the healthcare provider to adjust the medication.
- C. Ignore the request as the client is near the end of life.
- D. Increase the medication to reduce pain faster.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to consult with the healthcare provider to adjust the medication. It is crucial for the healthcare provider to be involved in changing pain medication for a client with terminal cancer to ensure that the new dosage is appropriate and safe. Option A is incorrect because adjusting medication without consulting the healthcare provider can be dangerous and is not within the scope of the nurse's practice. Option C is incorrect because ignoring the client's request goes against the principles of patient-centered care. Option D is incorrect as the primary goal should be to provide effective pain relief with the appropriate dosage, not to increase the medication arbitrarily.
3. A healthcare professional is caring for a client with impaired mobility. Which of the following support devices should the healthcare professional plan to use to prevent the client from developing plantar flexion contractures?
- A. Sheepskin heel pad
- B. Footboard
- C. Trochanter roll
- D. Abduction pillow
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A footboard is the correct choice to prevent plantar flexion contractures by maintaining proper alignment of the feet. Plantar flexion contractures involve the foot pointing downward, and a footboard helps keep the foot in a neutral position. Choice A, the sheepskin heel pad, is used for pressure ulcer prevention and comfort but does not specifically address plantar flexion contractures. Choice C, the trochanter roll, is used for hip positioning, not foot alignment. Choice D, the abduction pillow, is used to maintain proper positioning of the legs but does not directly address plantar flexion contractures.
4. Match the energy-yielding nutrient to the amount of energy it provides to the body: Carbs, Fats, Proteins.
- A. Carbs - 4kcal/g
- B. Fats - 9kcal/g
- C. Proteins - 4kcal/g
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, All of the above. Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal per gram, while fats provide 9 kcal per gram. Therefore, all three energy-yielding nutrients provide different amounts of energy to the body. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them individually provides a specific amount of energy per gram, but when considering all nutrients together, they collectively cover the spectrum of energy provision to the body.
5. Which of the following diagnostic tests should be performed annually over age 50 to screen for colon cancer?
- A. Abdominal CT scan
- B. Abdominal x-ray
- C. Colonoscopy
- D. Fecal occult blood test
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A fecal occult blood test should be performed annually for individuals over age 50 to screen for colon cancer.
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