major complications of diabetes include damage to the

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored

1. Major complications of diabetes include damage to the:

A. stomach, liver, and pancreas
B. eyes, nerves, and kidneys
C. skin, blood vessels, and lungs
D. brain, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: eyes, nerves, and kidneys. In diabetes, major complications result from damage to small blood vessels that supply these organs. Damage to the eyes can lead to retinopathy, to the nerves causing neuropathy, and to the kidneys causing nephropathy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the typical major complications associated with diabetes.

2. What physiological role does phosphorus play in the body?

A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and relaxation
B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Phosphorus plays a crucial role in ATP energy release, the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and regulation of acid-base balance. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Phosphorus is not directly involved in blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, or calcium homeostasis. It also has known metabolic functions and is not associated with caries prevention.

3. While the client has a pulse oximeter on his fingertip, you notice that sunlight is shining on the area where the oximeter is. Your action will be to:

A. Set and turn on the alarm of the oximeter
B. Do nothing since there is no identified problem
C. Cover the fingertip sensor with a towel or bedsheet
D. Change the location of the sensor every four hours

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action is to do nothing since there is no identified problem with the sunlight shining on the area where the oximeter is placed. The functionality of the oximeter is not affected by sunlight, so covering it or changing its location unnecessarily could disrupt the monitoring process. Setting the alarm or changing the sensor location every four hours is not indicated in this situation and may lead to unnecessary interventions. It's essential to assess the situation carefully and intervene only when necessary, ensuring that care provided is appropriate and effective.

4. The RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than for men or postmenopausal women because of the blood loss during menstruation.

A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 18 mg of iron per day for women 19 to 50 years old, 8 mg/day for women 51 years old and older, and men 19 years old and older. During menstruation, women lose blood containing iron, leading to a higher iron requirement in premenopausal women compared to men or postmenopausal women. This increased demand aims to replenish the iron lost during this physiological process. Therefore, the statement and reason are directly linked, explaining why the RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than in men or postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.

5. The lobe of the brain that contains the auditory receptive areas is the ____________ lobe.

A. temporal
B. frontal
C. parietal
D. occipital

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.