major complications of diabetes include damage to the

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored

1. Major complications of diabetes include damage to the:

A. stomach, liver, and pancreas
B. eyes, nerves, and kidneys
C. skin, blood vessels, and lungs
D. brain, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: eyes, nerves, and kidneys. In diabetes, major complications result from damage to small blood vessels that supply these organs. Damage to the eyes can lead to retinopathy, to the nerves causing neuropathy, and to the kidneys causing nephropathy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the typical major complications associated with diabetes.

2. A client with cirrhosis and ascites is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

A. Decrease the client's fluid intake.
B. Increase the client's saturated fat intake.
C. Increase the client's sodium intake.
D. Decrease the client's carbohydrate intake.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a client with cirrhosis and ascites, decreasing carbohydrate intake is essential as it helps reduce the production of ascitic fluid. Excess carbohydrates can lead to fluid retention. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Decreasing fluid intake can worsen dehydration, increasing saturated fat intake is not recommended due to its impact on liver health, and increasing sodium intake can worsen fluid retention and exacerbate ascites in these clients.

3. Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of:

A. fiber
B. sodium
C. cholesterol
D. saturated fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of sodium. This restriction is crucial to prevent fluid retention, which can exacerbate the condition. While fiber is generally beneficial for heart health, sodium restriction is more critical in this scenario. Cholesterol and saturated fat intake should also be monitored, but sodium restriction takes precedence due to its direct impact on fluid balance.

4. Approximately 70 to 80 percent of acute pancreatitis cases are caused by gallstones or _____.

A. infection
B. alcohol abuse
C. diabetes
D. obesity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Alcohol abuse is indeed a major cause of acute pancreatitis, along with gallstones, accounting for the majority of cases. While infections, diabetes, and obesity can also contribute to pancreatitis, they are not as prevalent as alcohol abuse and gallstones in causing acute pancreatitis.

5. Which of the following statements is correct about MyPlate?

A. Canned fruit can be considered part of the fruit group
B. Soymilk is considered part of the dairy group
C. Beans and peas are considered part of both the protein group and the vegetable group
D. Cream cheese and butter are not part of the dairy group

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to the MyPlate guide, beans and peas are classified as part of both the protein and vegetable groups due to their high protein content and the nutrients they share with vegetables. This makes Choice C correct. Choice A is incorrect as canned fruit can be part of the fruit group if it's canned in water or 100% fruit juice. Soymilk is considered part of the dairy group, making Choice B incorrect. While cream cheese and butter are dairy products, they are not part of the dairy group on MyPlate because they contain little to no calcium, making Choice D incorrect.