Nursing Elites

1. Dental hygienists should not encourage patients with eating disorders such as bulimia to brush immediately after vomiting because self-induced vomiting causes erosion of tooth enamel and dentin hypersensitivity.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The corrected question emphasizes that patients with eating disorders like bulimia should not brush immediately after vomiting as it can worsen enamel erosion due to the acidic content in the mouth. The correct answer is D because patients should rinse with water or a fluoride mouthwash instead of brushing to protect their teeth. Choice A is incorrect because encouraging patients to brush after vomiting is not recommended. Choice B is incorrect as the reason provided is valid but not suitable for the action of encouraging brushing. Choice C is incorrect as the reason for not brushing after vomiting is to prevent enamel erosion.

2. What describes a criterion used to diagnose diabetes?

• A. a plasma glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or higher after a fast of at least 12 hours
• B. a casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms
• C. a plasma glucose concentration measured two hours after a 200-gram glucose load is 400 mg/dL or higher
• D. a HbA1C higher than 5 percent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. This choice aligns with the typical clinical presentation of diabetes and is a key diagnostic indicator. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the established criteria for diagnosing diabetes, making them incorrect. Choice A pertains to a fasting plasma glucose level, Choice C involves a glucose challenge test, and Choice D refers to HbA1C levels, which are used for monitoring blood sugar control over time, not for diagnosing diabetes.

3. Each statement is true of water-soluble vitamins, except one. Which is it?

• A. Act as coenzymes
• B. Deficiencies develop rapidly
• C. Daily intake is necessary
• D. Absorbed in the jejunum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Water-soluble vitamins do not develop deficiencies rapidly because the body does not store them for long periods. They must be obtained through food constantly. Choice A is correct because water-soluble vitamins often act as coenzymes in various metabolic reactions. Choice C is correct as daily intake of water-soluble vitamins is necessary since they are not stored in the body. Choice D is incorrect as water-soluble vitamins are absorbed primarily in the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum and ileum, not the jejunum.

4. A client needs to increase his protein intake and enjoys certain foods. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of protein among these suggestions?

• A. Yams
• B. Eggs
• C. Chicken
• D. Peanuts

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chicken is the best source of protein among the options provided. It is a lean source of protein and contains essential amino acids needed for the body. Eggs are also a good source of protein, but chicken typically contains more protein per serving compared to eggs. Peanuts are a good source of plant-based protein, but chicken provides a higher amount of protein and is usually leaner. Yams, while nutritious, are not a significant source of protein compared to chicken, eggs, or peanuts.

5. A patient is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin level, edema, and elevated blood lipids. Which condition do these symptoms typically associate with?

• A. Nephrotic syndrome
• B. Acute kidney injury
• C. Rejection of a kidney transplant
• D. Renal colic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria (excess protein in urine), hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin), edema (swelling due to fluid buildup), and hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids). These symptoms occur as a result of damage to the kidneys' filtering units. Acute kidney injury, rejection of a kidney transplant, and renal colic do not present with the same combination of symptoms as nephrotic syndrome. Acute kidney injury typically presents with a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in a build-up of waste products in the blood. Rejection of a kidney transplant may present with fever, pain at the transplant site, and changes in urine output. Renal colic usually presents with intense pain in the lower back or side, related to kidney stones.

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