Nursing Elites

1. Isabel is listening to a piece of classical music and tape recording all her feelings and impressions as she experiences them. Isabel is using a technique similar to the research methodology of?

• A. Structuralism.
• B. Functionalism.
• C. Behaviorism.
• D. Humanism.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Structuralism. Structuralism involves introspection, where individuals report their thoughts and feelings while engaging with stimuli. In this scenario, Isabel is recording her feelings and impressions while listening to music, which aligns with the introspective nature of structuralism. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because functionalism focuses on the purpose of behaviors, behaviorism emphasizes observable behaviors and environmental influences, and humanism highlights individual growth and personal experiences rather than introspection.

2. According to Freud, a person who does not appropriately resolve each psychosexual stage would be _________ at that stage.

• A. defended
• B. fixated
• C. repressed
• D. displaced

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, if a person does not resolve a particular stage successfully, they become fixated at that stage. This fixation can lead to behavior patterns characteristic of that stage in later life. In this context, 'defended' is incorrect because it does not align with Freud's theory of fixation. 'Repressed' is not the correct choice as it refers to the unconscious suppression of thoughts or desires. 'Displaced' involves redirecting emotions from their original source to a substitute target, which is not the concept Freud associated with unresolved psychosexual stages.

3. An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school in high school so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is ________.

• A. Look for kids who are very popular because they are class clowns.
• B. Silent, depressed, loners tend to be dropouts because they are often depressed.
• C. There is no way to predict juvenile delinquency as early as elementary school.
• D. The best predictor is aggression toward peers, which leads to peer rejection.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The best advice is to look for aggression toward peers as the best predictor of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school. Option A is incorrect because being popular or a class clown doesn't necessarily indicate delinquency. Option B is incorrect as not all silent, depressed loners end up as dropouts. Option C is incorrect as research shows that early signs of aggression can predict future delinquent behavior and school dropout rates, making it feasible to intervene early.

4. What is a culture-bound disorder?

• A. It is a disorder seen universally across all cultures.
• B. It is a disorder that exists in one culture but is completely absent in others.
• C. It is a disorder that only affects children.
• D. It is a disorder found exclusively within certain age groups.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A culture-bound disorder is a condition that is specific to a particular culture or group of cultures and is not universally recognized or experienced across different cultures. Choice A is incorrect because a culture-bound disorder is not seen universally across all cultures. Choice C is incorrect because it does not necessarily have to only affect children. Choice D is incorrect as a culture-bound disorder is not exclusively found within certain age groups, but rather tied to specific cultures.

5. How do socioeconomic factors affect mental health?

• A. Socioeconomic factors do not affect mental health.
• B. Socioeconomic factors are one of the primary determinants of mental health.
• C. Socioeconomic factors only affect mental health in extreme cases.
• D. Socioeconomic factors have no clear impact on mental health.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Socioeconomic factors like income and education levels are key determinants of mental health. They influence access to resources such as healthcare, housing, and social support systems, which can impact an individual's mental well-being. Additionally, socioeconomic factors can contribute to stress levels and overall quality of life, which in turn affect mental health. Choice A is incorrect because socioeconomic factors do play a significant role in mental health outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as socioeconomic factors have a broad impact on mental health beyond extreme cases. Choice D is also incorrect as numerous studies have shown the clear impact of socioeconomic factors on mental health.

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