ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam
1. In a patient with osteoporosis, which mineral is essential to prevent further bone loss?
- A. Iron
- B. Phosphorus
- C. Magnesium
- D. Calcium
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Calcium is crucial in preventing bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
2. A patient with an ileostomy is suffering from frequent diarrhea. The clinician should advise the patient to increase his intake of what food to thicken stool output?
- A. celery
- B. salad greens
- C. potatoes
- D. dried beans and peas
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Potatoes are starchy and can help thicken stool output, making them beneficial for patients with an ileostomy experiencing diarrhea.
3. Which of the following is a poor food source of iron?
- A. Dried fruits
- B. Cheese
- C. Clams
- D. Legumes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Iron is an essential nutrient for the body, and while it can be found in many different types of foods, the amounts can vary significantly. Cheese, while a good source of other nutrients like calcium and protein, is not a particularly rich source of iron. On the other hand, clams, legumes, and dried fruits are known to contain higher levels of iron. Therefore, among the provided choices, cheese is considered a poor source of iron. It's important to note that a balanced diet should include a variety of foods to ensure the intake of all necessary nutrients.
4. A client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse and plans to make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.
- B. Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
- C. Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.
- D. Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: For a client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus, increasing fiber intake is essential as it can help manage blood sugar levels and improve overall bowel health. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates should be controlled but not limited to less than 45% of total calories. Choice B is incorrect as the recommended daily cholesterol intake for individuals with diabetes is less than 200 mg. Choice C is incorrect as protein intake should be individualized based on the client's condition and should not be limited to less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day.
5. Transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another person occurs:
- A. Most frequently in nurses with needlesticks
- B. Only if there is a large viral load in the blood
- C. Most commonly as a result of sexual contact
- D. In all infants born to women with HIV infection
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.
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