ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023
1. A breastfeeding mother complains that she missed her son's last two feedings and now her breasts have become full, hard, and uncomfortable. This condition is known as _____.
- A. mastitis
- B. engorgement
- C. letdown
- D. galactorrhea
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Engorgement occurs when the breasts become overly full, leading to discomfort and sometimes difficulty with latching. It can be relieved by feeding or expressing milk. Mastitis, choice A, is characterized by breast inflammation usually caused by an infection. Letdown, choice C, refers to the release of milk from the breast. Galactorrhea, choice D, is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast unassociated with childbirth or nursing.
2. Health practitioners evaluate disease progression in HIV-infected patients by measuring the concentrations of helper T cells and circulating virus, called _____.
- A. cross resistance
- B. the immune response
- C. acquired resistance
- D. the viral load
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The viral load is the measure of the amount of circulating virus in the blood and is used to evaluate the progression of HIV infection.
3. A client who has dumping syndrome following a hemi-colectomy should avoid which of the following foods when receiving nutritional teaching from a nurse?
- A. Rice
- B. Poached eggs
- C. Fresh apples
- D. White bread
Correct answer: C: Fresh apples
Rationale: Fresh apples should be avoided by a client with dumping syndrome following a hemi-colectomy because they are high in fiber and can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and bloating. Rice and poached eggs are good options as they are easily digestible and less likely to trigger dumping syndrome symptoms. White bread is also preferable over whole grain bread due to its lower fiber content, making it a better choice for individuals with dumping syndrome.
4. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the GI tract?
- A. produce bile
- B. kill bacteria
- C. produce vitamin K
- D. increase the surface area for absorption
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Villi and microvilli in the GI tract serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine, aiding in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as villi and microvilli are primarily involved in enhancing absorption, not in producing bile, killing bacteria, or producing vitamin K.
5. Begins carb digestion in the mouth:
- A. pepsin
- B. salivary amylase
- C. CCK
- D. secretin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Salivary amylase is the enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth by breaking down starches into simpler sugars.