ATI RN
Psychology 101 Final Exam
1. How does the diathesis-stress model explain the onset of mental disorders?
- A. Stress alone is sufficient to cause mental disorders.
- B. Both genetic vulnerability and environmental stress are needed to trigger a disorder.
- C. Only genetic factors cause mental disorders.
- D. Environmental stressors alone can cause mental disorders.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The diathesis-stress model explains that the onset of mental disorders results from the interaction of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stress. Choice A is incorrect because stress alone is not sufficient, according to the model. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies by attributing mental disorders solely to genetic factors. Choice D is incorrect because the model emphasizes the joint contribution of genetic predisposition and environmental stress.
2. Physiological anorexia in toddlerhood occurs because of:
- A. Decreased appetite and decreased nutritional need
- B. Decreased appetite and increased nutritional need
- C. Increased appetite and lack of food preferences
- D. Increased appetite and strong food preferences
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Physiological anorexia in toddlers occurs due to a decreased appetite as growth rates slow down. Choice A is correct because it aligns with the concept that toddlers experience a natural decrease in appetite as their growth rate decreases. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest increased appetite or other factors not associated with physiological anorexia in toddlerhood.
3. The nurse in the pediatric clinic performs a physical assessment of a 13-year-old boy. Which of the following findings by the nurse requires an immediate intervention?
- A. The adolescent complains of his scrotum aching after exercise. The nurse palpates a worm-like mass above the testes
- B. The nurse noted unilateral breast enlargement
- C. The child’s scrotum appears swollen, and a soft mass is palpated. The nurse is unable to insert a finger above the mass
- D. The child’s scrotum appears enlarged and red. The nurse palpated a thickened and swollen spermatic cord.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A swollen and thickened spermatic cord could indicate testicular torsion, which is a surgical emergency.
4. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) because ascorbic acid is required for collagen synthesis. Is this statement true or false?
- A. True
- B. False
- C. Not applicable
- D. Not applicable
Correct answer: True
Rationale: The statement is accurate. Scurvy is indeed caused by a deficiency in ascorbic acid, which is another name for Vitamin C. This vitamin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps in the formation and strength of skin, blood vessels, tissues, and bones. When the body lacks Vitamin C, it cannot produce enough collagen, leading to symptoms associated with scurvy such as bleeding gums and weakened immunity. The choice 'False' is incorrect because it contradicts the proven medical and scientific understanding of the causes of scurvy. Choices 'C' and 'D' are marked as 'Not applicable' because the question only requires a true or false answer.
5. A client on glucocorticoid therapy is receiving teaching from a nurse. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I have my eyes examined annually.
- B. I take a calcium vitamin supplement daily.
- C. I limit my intake of foods with potassium.
- D. I consistently take my medication between 8 and 9 each evening.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Taking a calcium supplement daily is crucial for clients on glucocorticoid therapy to prevent osteoporosis, a common side effect of long-term use. Choice A is unrelated to glucocorticoid therapy. Choice C, limiting potassium intake, is not necessary for clients on glucocorticoids. Choice D, taking medication consistently in the evening, is important but does not specifically address the side effects of glucocorticoid therapy.
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