ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. For a patient with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), which dietary advice is most appropriate?
- A. Increase spicy foods
- B. Avoid fatty foods
- C. Increase citrus fruits
- D. Reduce water intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Avoiding fatty foods can help reduce the symptoms of GERD.
2. Which of the following substances is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens?
- A. lymphatic fluid
- B. stomach acid
- C. bicarbonate
- D. lipase
Correct answer: stomach acid
Rationale: The correct answer is stomach acid. Stomach acid, also known as gastric acid, plays a crucial role in destroying ingested pathogens due to its high acidity. The low pH of stomach acid helps to kill bacteria and other pathogens that may be present in the food we consume. Lymphatic fluid is involved in immune function and fat absorption, not pathogen destruction. Bicarbonate is a base that neutralizes stomach acid to prevent damage to the stomach lining. Lipase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats but is not involved in pathogen destruction.
3. A nurse is teaching a client about levothyroxine for primary hypothyroidism. Which of the following statements should the nurse use when teaching the client?
- A. Take this medication until your symptoms are gone and then discontinue
- B. Symptoms improve immediately after starting the medication
- C. The medication decreases the overproduction of the thyroid hormone thyroxine
- D. Tremors, nervousness, and insomnia may indicate your dose is too high
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Tremors, nervousness, and insomnia indicate that the dose may be too high, requiring a dose adjustment.
4. The client with chronic pancreatitis needs information on dietary modification to manage the health problem. The nurse teaches the client to limit which of the following items in the diet?
- A. Carbohydrate
- B. Protein
- C. Fat
- D. Water-soluble vitamins
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The client should limit fat in the diet. The client also should take in small meals, which also will reduce the amount of carbohydrates and protein that the client must digest at any one time. The client does not need to limit water-soluble vitamins in the diet.
5. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has heart failure. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is experiencing fluid volume excess?
- A. BUN 8 mg/dL
- B. Hgb 15 g/dL
- C. Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL
- D. Sodium 140 mEq/L
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A BUN level of 8 mg/dL is indicative of fluid volume excess, which is common in clients with heart failure.