ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam 2023
1. You will give health instructions to Carlo, a case of bronchial asthma. The health instruction will include the following, EXCEPT:
- A. Avoid emotional stress and extreme temperature
- B. Avoid pollution like smoking
- C. Avoid pollens, dust, seafood
- D. Practice respiratory isolation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.
2. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has chronic kidney disease. The client's potassium level is 6.5 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer sodium bicarbonate
- B. Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate
- C. Administer calcium gluconate
- D. Administer calcium carbonate
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia by promoting the excretion of potassium. Choice A, administering sodium bicarbonate, is incorrect as it is not used to treat hyperkalemia. Choice C, administering calcium gluconate, is incorrect as it is used to treat hypocalcemia, not hyperkalemia. Choice D, administering calcium carbonate, is incorrect as it is used to treat conditions like osteoporosis and indigestion, not hyperkalemia.
3. A nurse has just inserted an NG tube for a client who is to start enteral tube feedings. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to verify tube placement?
- A. Measure the tube length.
- B. Obtain an abdominal x-ray.
- C. Flush the tube with 20 mL of water.
- D. Auscultate the client’s lungs.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Obtaining an abdominal x-ray is the most accurate method to verify the correct placement of an NG tube.
4. Which of the following patients are at higher risk for developing oral cancer?
- A. A female who has taken oral contraceptives for the last 4 years
- B. Both an adult male with a history of alcoholism and a middle-aged male who smokes a pipe
- C. An adult female who eats spicy foods regularly
- D. An older adult female who chews gum frequently
Correct answer: Both an adult male with a history of alcoholism and a middle-aged male who smokes a pipe
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Both an adult male with a history of alcoholism and a middle-aged male who smokes a pipe.' Alcohol consumption and tobacco use, such as smoking a pipe, are well-known risk factors for developing oral cancer. These two factors significantly increase the likelihood of developing oral cancer compared to the other choices. Taking oral contraceptives, eating spicy foods regularly, and chewing gum frequently are not established risk factors for oral cancer, making them less likely to lead to the development of this type of cancer.
5. What are the major mechanisms of spinal cord injuries?
- A. Hypoextension, expansion, hyperflexion
- B. Hyperflexion, expansion, hypometabolism
- C. Hypermetabolism, compression, hyperextension
- D. Hyperextension, hyperflexion, compression
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Spinal cord injuries commonly occur due to hyperextension, hyperflexion, and compression. Hyperextension and hyperflexion refer to the excessive bending or stretching of the spinal cord, while compression is the exertion of pressure on the spinal cord. These mechanisms can lead to damage such as contusions, lacerations, and compression of the spinal cord. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the major mechanisms of spinal cord injuries.