Nursing Elites

1. How is the equalization of solute concentration of intracellular fluids (ICFs) and extracellular fluids (ECFs accomplished?

• A. Semipermeable membranes.
• B. Hydration.
• C. Osmotic pressure.
• D. Perspiration.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure within the body equalizes the solute concentration of ICFs and ECFs by shifting small amounts of water in the direction of higher concentration solute. Semipermeable membranes separate one fluid compartment from another and do not directly equalize solute concentrations. Hydration and perspiration are important elements of fluid balance but do not directly achieve the equalization of solute concentrations between ICFs and ECFs, which is primarily regulated by osmotic pressure.

2. Because of increasing cases of fluorosis, low levels of fluoride are added to commercial infant formula. Breast milk provides low levels of fluoride.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is false; fluoride is not added to infant formulas due to the risk of fluorosis. The second statement is true; breast milk contains low levels of fluoride.

3. What is the term for intestinal wounds associated with Crohn's disease that develop in different areas in the intestine, with normal tissue separating affected regions?

• A. Skip lesions
• B. Fistulas
• C. Fissures
• D. Loop ulcerations

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Skip lesions are typical characteristics of Crohn's disease, where patches of diseased intestine are interspersed with areas of healthy tissue. This is why option A is the correct answer. Option B, fistulas, are abnormal connections between two body parts, which is not what the question is describing. Option C, fissures, are small tears in the lining of the anus, which also do not fit the description in the question. Option D, loop ulcerations, is not a recognized medical term, making it an incorrect choice.

4. Most nurses regard this conventional recording of the date, time, and mode by which the patient leaves a healthcare unit but this record includes importantly, directs of planning for discharge that starts soon after the person is admitted to a healthcare institution. It is accepted that collaboration or multidisciplinary involvement (of all members of the health team) in discharge results in comprehensive care. What do you call this?

• A. Discharge Summary
• B. Nursing Kardex
• C. Medicine and Treatment Record
• D. Nursing Health History and Assessment Worksheet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

5. Mang Carlos has a standing DNR order. He then suddenly stopped breathing and you are at his bedside. You would:

• A. Give extraordinary measures to save Mang Carlos
• B. Stay with Mang Carlos and Do nothing
• C. Call the physician
• D. Activate Code Blue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

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