Nursing Elites

1. Which group is least susceptible to insufficient intake of protein?

• A. The elderly
• B. Individuals with low income
• C. Adults participating in endurance exercise
• D. Patients who are chronically ill

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Adults who participate in endurance exercise are typically more aware of their nutritional needs and have higher protein intake compared to other groups. The rationale behind why the other choices are incorrect is as follows: A: The elderly are often at a higher risk of insufficient protein intake due to various factors such as reduced appetite, dental issues, and decreased muscle mass. B: Individuals with low income may struggle to afford protein-rich foods, making them more susceptible to insufficient protein intake. D: Patients who are chronically ill may have specific dietary restrictions or challenges that can lead to inadequate protein consumption.

2. A client who was normal weight before pregnancy asks about the recommended weight gain during pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?

• A. 18-40 pounds
• B. 25-35 pounds
• C. 11-20 pounds
• D. 15-25 pounds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 25-35 pounds. According to standard prenatal guidelines, a client with a normal pre-pregnancy weight is recommended to gain between 25-35 pounds during pregnancy. This weight gain is important for the overall health of the mother and the developing baby. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not fall within the recommended weight gain range for a client with a normal pre-pregnancy weight.

3. What is the best dietary advice for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia?

• A. Increase dairy consumption
• B. Increase vitamin C intake
• C. Reduce red meat consumption
• D. Increase fiber intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best dietary advice for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia is to increase vitamin C intake. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which can help improve iron-deficiency anemia. Choices A, C, and D are not the best options for this condition. Increasing dairy consumption (Choice A) may not directly address the iron deficiency. Reducing red meat consumption (Choice C) may limit heme iron intake, which is easily absorbed by the body. Increasing fiber intake (Choice D) is generally beneficial but is not specifically recommended as the top advice for iron-deficiency anemia.

4. Each of the following is a characteristic of fat, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. 95% of ingested fats are absorbed
• B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats
• C. Fats contribute to palatability and flavor of foods
• D. Cooked fats improve the texture of foods

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats because hard fats are solid at body temperature, making them more challenging to break down. Choice A is true as the majority of ingested fats are absorbed. Choice C is correct as fats indeed contribute to the palatability and flavor of foods. Choice D is accurate as cooked fats can enhance the texture of foods.

5. When taking a blood pressure reading, where should the cuff be positioned?

• A. The cuff should be deflated fully before immediately starting a second reading for the same patient
• B. The cuff should be deflated quickly after being inflated to 180 mmHg
• C. The cuff should be large enough to wrap around the upper arm of the adult patient, positioned 1 cm above the brachial artery
• D. The cuff should be inflated to 30 mmHg above the estimated systolic BP based on palpation of the radial or brachial artery

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When measuring blood pressure, the cuff should be inflated to 30 mmHg above the estimated systolic blood pressure based on palpation of the radial or brachial artery. This ensures an accurate blood pressure measurement. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Deflating the cuff fully before starting a second reading (Choice A) does not directly relate to the position of the cuff during a reading. Deflating the cuff quickly after inflating to 180 mmHg (Choice B) is not recommended because it can potentially lead to inaccurate readings. While ensuring the cuff is large enough to wrap around the upper arm positioned 1 cm above the brachial artery is important (Choice C), this alone does not guarantee an accurate blood pressure reading. The correct inflation based on palpation is the key element for accuracy, which is why Choice D is correct.

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