ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam
1. In a patient with liver cirrhosis, weight gain due to fluid retention can mask the symptoms of what condition?
- A. Liver failure
- B. Gallbladder disease
- C. Heart failure
- D. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
Correct answer: D: Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
Rationale: In a patient with liver cirrhosis, weight gain due to fluid retention can mask Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) symptoms. This can lead to an increase in weight, making it challenging to identify weight loss or muscle wasting associated with PEM. Therefore, option D is correct. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because fluid retention and weight gain related to liver cirrhosis do not necessarily hide the symptoms of liver failure, gallbladder disease, or heart failure.
2. Why is bleeding in the leg of a pregnant woman considered as an emergency?
- A. Blood volume is greater in pregnant woman; therefore, blood loss is increased
- B. There is an increase blood pressure during pregnancy increasing the likelihood of hemorrhage
- C. Pregnant woman are anemic, all forms of blood loss should be considered as an emergency especially if it is in the
- D. The pressure of the gravid uterus will exert additional force thus, increasing the blood loss in the lower extremities
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.
3. Among people who are ill, significant weight loss may be masked by?
- A. dehydration
- B. a large tumor
- C. drug therapy
- D. fluid retention
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Fluid retention can mask weight loss in ill individuals as the retained fluid adds to body weight, making it difficult to detect true fat or muscle loss. Dehydration (Choice A) would actually lead to weight loss rather than masking it. While a large tumor (Choice B) could contribute to weight loss, it would not mask the weight loss itself. Drug therapy (Choice C) may cause side effects, including weight changes, but it is unlikely to mask significant weight loss in the same way that fluid retention does.
4. The PEM in which children ages 18-24 months display edema of the extremities, torso, and face, fatty liver, sparse yellow hair, and receive adequate kilocalories but not enough high-quality proteins is called?
- A. Marasmus
- B. Kwashiorkor
- C. Anemia
- D. Noma
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by edema, fatty liver, and other symptoms, typically resulting from inadequate protein intake despite adequate calorie intake.
5. Nurse DMLM is correct in identifying the correct sequence of events during abdominal assessment if she identifies which of the following?
- A. Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation
- B. Inspection, Percussion, Palpation, Auscultation
- C. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
- D. Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Percussion
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct sequence for abdominal assessment is Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation. Start with Inspection to observe any visible abnormalities, followed by Auscultation to listen for bowel sounds, then Percussion to assess the density of underlying structures, and finally Palpation to feel for any tenderness or masses. Choices A, B, and C have the incorrect sequence of assessment techniques.