Nursing Elites

1. Ecological systems theory views the person as __________.

• A. a blossoming flower whose development is a genetically determined series of events that unfold automatically
• B. developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment
• C. a social being influenced primarily by observational learning or adult modeling
• D. a computer-like system that actively codes, transforms, and organizes information

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ecological systems theory views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment. This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals with their social and physical environment, recognizing that development is influenced by various factors interacting at different levels of the ecological system. Choice A is incorrect because it describes a genetically determined development process, which is not the focus of ecological systems theory. Choice C is incorrect because it highlights observational learning as the primary influence on development, neglecting the broader environmental factors. Choice D is incorrect as it compares the person to a computer system, which does not align with the principles of ecological systems theory.

2. Infants engage in __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.

• A. self-control
• B. give-and-take
• C. emotional self-regulation
• D. social referencing

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'social referencing.' Social referencing is a behavior where infants seek emotional information from a trusted person, usually a caregiver, to determine how to respond in uncertain situations. This process helps infants regulate their emotions and behaviors based on the cues they receive from the trusted individual. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because self-control, give-and-take, and emotional self-regulation do not specifically involve seeking emotional information from others in uncertain situations, as social referencing does.

3. The __________ reflex helps a newborn find the nipple.

• A. rooting
• B. Moro
• C. Babinski
• D. tonic neck Answer: A Page Ref: 101 Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The rooting reflex is the correct answer. This reflex helps a newborn baby find the nipple by turning their head and opening their mouth when their cheek is stroked or touched. This is crucial for the baby to locate and latch onto the mother's breast for feeding. The rooting reflex typically disappears around 4 months of age.

4. __________ parenting in particular is linked to emerging adults' psychological well-being.

• A. Overprotective
• B. Permissive
• C. Autonomy-supportive
• D. Helicopter

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Autonomy-supportive parenting, which encourages independence and decision-making skills, is positively linked to the psychological well-being of emerging adults. This style of parenting fosters resilience and self-esteem. Overprotective parenting (choice A) may hinder the development of autonomy and problem-solving abilities, leading to increased anxiety. Permissive parenting (choice B) lacks structure and limits, potentially resulting in difficulties with self-regulation. Helicopter parenting (choice D) involves excessive intervention and control, which can impede the development of self-reliance and confidence.

5. Breastfeeding for just a few weeks ________.

• A. is a rare practice among American women
• B. leads directly to later obesity
• C. is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation
• D. offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Breastfeeding for even a short period offers infants protection against respiratory and intestinal infections. Choice A is incorrect because breastfeeding is not a rare practice among American women. Choice B is incorrect as there is no direct link between breastfeeding for a few weeks and later obesity. Choice C is incorrect as breastfeeding does not cause constipation in infants; in fact, it can help prevent constipation.

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