Nursing Elites

1. During the acute phase of a burn, the priority nursing intervention in caring for this client is:

• A. Prevention of infection
• B. Pain management
• C. Prevention of bleeding
• D. Fluid resuscitation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During the acute phase of a burn, fluid resuscitation is the priority nursing intervention. This phase is characterized by fluid loss and the risk of hypovolemic shock. Administering fluids is crucial to maintain perfusion and prevent complications such as organ failure. While prevention of infection, pain management, and prevention of bleeding are important aspects of burn care, fluid resuscitation takes precedence in the acute phase to stabilize the client's condition and prevent further damage.

2. Has Healthy People (HP 2020), issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, resulted in a reduction of deaths from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and some cancers, as well as decreased dental caries in children aged 2 to 4 years and adults aged 53 to 44 years?

• A. Yes, both statements are true.
• B. No, both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Both statements are false. While Healthy People (HP 2020) has contributed to a reduction in deaths from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and some cancers, it did not result in decreased dental caries in children aged 2 to 4 years and adults aged 53 to 44 years. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choice A is incorrect because the second statement is false. Choice C is incorrect as the first statement is also false. Choice D is incorrect as the second statement is false.

3. Which item is typically fortified with iodine to address iodine deficiency in the population?

• A. Flour
• B. Salt
• C. Canned vegetables
• D. Drinking water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Iodized salt is the correct answer. Iodine deficiency can lead to thyroid problems, so iodine is added to salt to ensure an adequate intake of this essential nutrient. Flour is often fortified with other nutrients like folic acid, iron, and niacin, but not iodine. Canned vegetables and drinking water are not typically fortified with iodine to address deficiency in the population.

4. Why might patients with periodontal disease require increased protein intake?

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patients with periodontal disease may require increased protein intake due to the physiological response to inflammation and infection, which can negatively impact protein synthesis. Protein is essential for wound healing and tissue repair, and an infection can increase the body's protein requirements. Therefore, ensuring an adequate protein intake is particularly important for these patients. Choice A is correct because the statement and reason are both accurate and directly related to each other, supporting the increased protein needs in patients with periodontal disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.

5. What stimulates bile secretion from the liver to the small intestine?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Salivary Amylase
• C. CCK
• D. Secretin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the hormone that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine, aiding in fat digestion. Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, not involved in bile secretion. Salivary Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that initiates starch digestion in the mouth, not related to bile secretion. Secretin is a hormone that regulates the release of gastric juice in the stomach and triggers the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, but it does not stimulate bile secretion.

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