Nursing Elites

1. Each nonnutritive sweetener can be recommended to patients with phenylketonuria, except one. Which one is the exception?

• A. Cyclamate
• B. Acesulfame-K
• C. Saccharin
• D. Aspartame

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Aspartame. Aspartame contains phenylalanine, which is contraindicated for individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder that impairs phenylalanine metabolism. Therefore, patients with PKU should avoid aspartame. Choices A, B, and C (Cyclamate, Acesulfame-K, Saccharin) are considered safe for individuals with PKU as they do not contain phenylalanine and can be recommended as alternatives to sugar for these patients.

2. A client is being instructed by a nurse about foods that should be included in a low-fiber diet. Which statement by the client indicates understanding?

• A. I can cut up carrots and celery sticks for my lunch.
• B. I will eat a bran muffin for my mid-morning snack.
• C. I will have oatmeal with skim milk for my breakfast.
• D. I should choose canned peaches for my fruit serving.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because canned peaches are lower in fiber compared to the other options. Carrots, celery sticks, bran muffins, and oatmeal are high-fiber choices, which are not suitable for a low-fiber diet. Choosing canned peaches aligns with the requirements of a low-fiber diet.

3. A client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse and plans to make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.
• B. Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
• C. Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.
• D. Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: For a client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus, increasing fiber intake is essential as it can help manage blood sugar levels and improve overall bowel health. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates should be controlled but not limited to less than 45% of total calories. Choice B is incorrect as the recommended daily cholesterol intake for individuals with diabetes is less than 200 mg. Choice C is incorrect as protein intake should be individualized based on the client's condition and should not be limited to less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day.

4. A healthcare provider is teaching a client who has constipation about a high-fiber diet. Which of the following foods should be included as sources of fiber? (Select one that does not apply.)

• A. Whole wheat bread
• B. Kidney beans
• C. Refined cereals
• D. Blackberries

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Refined cereals are not a good source of fiber as they have been processed and stripped off most of their fiber content. Whole wheat bread, kidney beans, and blackberries are excellent sources of fiber. Whole wheat bread is made from whole grains, which are high in fiber. Kidney beans are rich in fiber and can help alleviate constipation. Blackberries are a good source of fiber and can aid in promoting bowel regularity.

5. Which of the following terms refers to weakness of both legs and the lower part of the trunk?

• A. Paraparesis
• B. Hemiplegia
• C. Quadriparesis
• D. Paraplegia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

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