Nursing Elites

1. During early tooth development, vitamin A deficiency leads to enamel hypoplasia and defective dentin formation. Because of its effect on soft tissues and bone, vitamin A contributes to normal spacing of teeth.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. The effect of vitamin A on the growth of soft tissues and bones naturally extends to the teeth and surrounding structures. Enamel hypoplasia, involving defective enamel matrix and incomplete calcification of enamel and dentin, can be due to vitamin A deficiency. The effect of this vitamin upon surrounding bone directly affects spacing patterns of the teeth within the bone and dentition. Choice A is correct because both statements accurately describe the influence of vitamin A on tooth development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the accuracy of the statements provided.

2. Which of the following categories identifies the focus of community/public health nursing practice?

• A. Promoting and maintaining the health of populations and preventing and minimizing the progress of disease
• B. Rehabilitation and restorative services
• C. Adaptation of hospital care to the home environment
• D. Hospice care delivery

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. Which types of diabetes are characterized by the body's cells becoming resistant to insulin? (Select all that apply)

• A. Gestational diabetes
• B. Type II diabetes
• C. Type I diabetes
• D. Both A and B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In both gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin resistance in these types of diabetes prevents glucose from entering the cells, causing it to accumulate in the bloodstream. On the other hand, Type I diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin because the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and B. Choice C, Type I diabetes, is not characterized by insulin resistance but rather by the body's inability to produce insulin. Therefore, it is incorrect. Choice D, Both A and B, includes the correct options of gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, making it the correct answer.

4. Chest x-ray was ordered after thoracentesis. When your client asks what is the reason for another chest x-ray, you will explain:

• A. to rule out pneumothorax
• B. to rule out any possible perforation
• C. to decongest
• D. to rule out any foreign body

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

5. After bronchoscopy, the nurse's priority is to check which of the following before feeding?

• A. Gag reflex
• B. Wearing off of anesthesia
• C. Swallowing reflex
• D. Peristalsis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: After a bronchoscopy procedure, the nurse's priority is to check the patient's gag reflex before allowing them to eat to prevent aspiration. The gag reflex helps protect the airway by triggering a cough or gag response if something touches the back of the throat. This is crucial to ensure that the patient can protect their airway and prevent food or fluids from entering the lungs, especially when the throat may be sensitive or compromised post-bronchoscopy. Checking for the wearing off of anesthesia, swallowing reflex, or peristalsis are important assessments but not the immediate priority before feeding in this context.

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