ATI RN
Multi Dimensional Care | Exam | Rasmusson
1. During a skin inspection at the outpatient clinic, the nurse notices patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales on the client’s elbows and knees. What skin abnormality does the nurse suspect?
- A. Scabies
- B. Rosacea
- C. Psoriasis
- D. Statis dermatitis
Correct answer: Psoriasis
Rationale:
2. What statement is most descriptive of Meckel diverticulum?
- A. It is present from birth.
- B. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.
- C. It occurs with equal frequency in both genders.
- D. Surgical interventions are always necessary to treat the problem.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Meckel diverticulum often presents with intestinal bleeding, which can vary in severity. It is a congenital condition, meaning it is present from birth, not acquired during childhood (choice A). Meckel diverticulum is slightly more common in males than in females, so it does not occur more frequently in females (choice C). While some cases of Meckel diverticulum may require surgical intervention, medical interventions can also be sufficient to treat the problem, so it is not always necessary to resort to surgery (choice D).
3. A healthcare professional is reviewing a client's medication history and notes a new prescription for Enalapril. The healthcare professional should monitor the client for which of the following as an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause hyperkalemia as an adverse effect due to decreased aldosterone levels, which leads to potassium retention. Monitoring potassium levels is essential to prevent potential complications associated with hyperkalemia. The other options, bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and hypocalcemia, are not typically associated with Enalapril use and are less likely to occur as adverse effects.
4. A school-age child is 4 hours postoperative following perforated appendicitis repair. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Maintain the child on a clear liquid diet for 48 hours.
- B. Administer antibiotics for 7 days.
- C. Apply warm compresses to the surgical site every 4 hours.
- D. Keep the child on NPO status for 24 hours.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering antibiotics for 7 days is essential postoperatively to prevent infections and complications in a child who underwent perforated appendicitis repair. This helps in reducing the risk of secondary infections and promoting healing. Clear liquid diets, warm compresses, and prolonged fasting are not the primary interventions indicated in this scenario.
5. What is extinction, and how might it be used in treating a disorder?
- A. Extinction strengthens the conditioned response by continuously pairing the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.
- B. Extinction is the process of eliminating a conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.
- C. Extinction is ineffective and is not used in treating disorders.
- D. Extinction is the process of intensifying the conditioned response by pairing the conditioned stimulus with a stronger unconditioned stimulus.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Extinction is the process of eliminating a conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. This process helps in reducing or eliminating undesired behaviors or responses. Choice A is incorrect because extinction weakens the conditioned response by breaking the association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. Choice C is incorrect as extinction is a widely used technique in behavioral therapies for treating disorders. Choice D is incorrect as extinction aims to reduce the conditioned response, not intensify it.
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