Nursing Elites

1. Developmental science is __________ because it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields of study.

• A. interdisciplinary
• B. empirical
• C. applied
• D. theoretical

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Correct answer: Developmental science is interdisciplinary because it integrates knowledge from multiple fields like psychology, biology, and sociology. The term 'empirical' refers to information gained from observation or experimentation, which is not the focus of this question. 'Applied' and 'theoretical' do not capture the essence of developmental science requiring inputs from various disciplines.

2. Cindy tells her daughter, “I know you can do a good job on that homework” because she believes that if she encourages persistence, her daughter will start to view herself as hardworking and high-achieving. Cindy is applying the __________ approach.

• A. behavior modification
• B. psychosocial
• C. cognitive-developmental
• D. social-cognitive Answer: D Page Ref: 17 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Mid-Twentieth-Century Theories Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cindy is applying the social-cognitive approach by encouraging her daughter to believe in her own abilities and persist in her efforts. This approach emphasizes the importance of social influences and cognitive processes in shaping behavior. By providing positive reinforcement and fostering a belief in her daughter's capabilities, Cindy is helping to shape her daughter's self-perception and motivation to achieve success.

3. T. Berry Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) evaluates a newborn's __________.

• A. risk for developmental problems
• B. ability to comply with parental commands and responsiveness to touch
• C. reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, and responsiveness to stimulation
• D. heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and color

Correct answer: C

Rationale: T. Berry Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) evaluates a newborn's reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, and responsiveness to stimulation. This assessment helps healthcare providers understand the newborn's behavioral responses and capabilities in various areas, providing valuable insights into their overall development and well-being. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the NBAS focuses on assessing the newborn's behavioral responses and capabilities, rather than their risk for developmental problems, compliance with commands, or physiological parameters like heart rate and respiratory effort.

4. According to the lifespan perspective, _______ is supreme in its impact on the life course.

• A. the prenatal period
• B. early childhood
• C. adolescence
• D. no age period

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to the lifespan perspective, no single period is considered supreme in its impact on the life course. Each stage of life, from prenatal period through adulthood, plays a significant role in shaping an individual's development. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: no age period.' Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the lifespan perspective emphasizes that all stages are important and contribute uniquely to an individual's life course.

5. Shamona, a pregnant mother in Flint, Michigan, is concerned about the drinking water, which shows high levels of lead. Shamona should know that high levels of prenatal lead exposure are related to __________.

• A. facial abnormalities and heart defects
• B. defects of the genitals and urinary tract
• C. low birth weight and brain damage
• D. a variety of childhood cancers

Correct answer: C

Rationale: High levels of prenatal lead exposure are related to low birth weight and brain damage. Lead exposure during pregnancy can have harmful effects on the developing fetus, leading to complications such as decreased birth weight and potential long-term brain damage. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly correlate with the known effects of prenatal lead exposure. While lead exposure can indeed cause a variety of health issues, such as heart defects and urinary tract problems, the primary concerns related to prenatal exposure are low birth weight and brain damage.

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