Nursing Elites

1. In all societies studied, the most common attachment quality is the __________ pattern.

• A. insecure-avoidant
• B. insecure-resistant
• C. disorganized/disoriented
• D. secure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'secure.' Research shows that the secure attachment pattern is the most common across various societies. In this pattern, children feel safe, secure, and loved, allowing them to explore the world and seek comfort from their caregivers when needed. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while these attachment patterns exist, they are not as prevalent or universal as the secure attachment pattern. Insecure-avoidant attachment involves children avoiding or ignoring their caregiver, insecure-resistant attachment consists of ambivalence and mixed emotions towards the caregiver, and disorganized/disoriented attachment is characterized by inconsistent and often chaotic behaviors towards the caregiver.

2. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.

• A. be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds
• B. survive, if born early
• C. breathe without oxygen assistance, if born early
• D. control its own body temperature Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.

3. Certified nurse-midwives __________.

• A. cannot legally deliver babies at home in most states
• B. have degrees in nursing and additional training in childbirth management
• C. can perform cesarean deliveries and administer medication to control pain
• D. are not medical professionals, but are trained in labor and delivery support Answer: B Page Ref: 96 Skill Level: Understand with each. Topic: Approaches to Childbirth Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Certified nurse-midwives have degrees in nursing and additional training in childbirth management. They are qualified to provide prenatal care, support during labor and delivery, as well as postpartum care. They are licensed medical professionals who can assist with normal childbirth, but they do not perform surgical procedures like cesarean deliveries. They also focus on providing holistic and personalized care to women throughout the childbirth process.

4. What did Ivan Pavlov discover?

• A. observational learning
• B. classical conditioning
• C. the ego's positive contributions to development
• D. the clinical method

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning. This is a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs, where he conditioned them to salivate at the sound of a bell, demonstrated this principle. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Pavlov's work primarily focused on classical conditioning, not observational learning, ego contributions to development, or the clinical method.

5. __________ children are at risk for poor school performance, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior in adolescence and criminality in adulthood.

• A. Average
• B. Controversial
• C. Rejected
• D. Popular

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rejected children often face social difficulties that lead to negative outcomes later in life, including academic and behavioral problems. The term 'rejected' specifically refers to children who are socially excluded or shunned by their peers, leading to the mentioned negative consequences. 'Average,' 'Controversial,' and 'Popular' do not convey the same meaning and are not related to the risks mentioned in the question.

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