ATI RN
Multi Dimensional Care | Rasmusson
1. Death of bone tissue can occur when the blood supply to the bone is disrupted. What is this complication called?
- A. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
- B. Avascular necrosis
- C. Delayed union
- D. Complex regional pain syndrome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, avascular necrosis. Avascular necrosis is the condition where bone tissue dies due to the disruption of blood supply to the bone. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Choice A) is a chronic pain condition, delayed union (Choice C) refers to a delayed healing of a fracture, and complex regional pain syndrome (Choice D) is a chronic pain condition typically affecting an arm or leg.
2. In gout, a man has developed large, hard nodules around his toes and elbows. The phase of gout he is in is:
- A. asymptomatic.
- B. acute flare.
- C. the intercritical period.
- D. chronic gout.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The man's presentation of large, hard nodules around his toes and elbows is indicative of tophi formation, which is characteristic of chronic gout. Tophi are deposits of uric acid crystals that can develop over time in untreated or poorly managed gout. During the chronic phase of gout, tophi can form in joints, soft tissues, and organs. Asymptomatic refers to a phase where there are no symptoms present. Acute flare is characterized by sudden and severe joint pain and inflammation. The intercritical period is the time between gout attacks when the patient is symptom-free.
3. Which of the following statements are correct?
- A. Lipids are transported in the blood as lipoproteins, which are clusters of lipids associated with proteins.
- B. In type II diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but cells are resistant to this signal.
- C. The glycemic index classifies foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose levels.
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Option A is correct because lipoproteins indeed transport lipids in the blood. They are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport water-insoluble lipids through the blood. Option B is correct as it accurately describes the condition of type II diabetes where the pancreas can produce insulin, but the cells are resistant to its signal, causing an ineffective regulation of blood sugar. Option C is also correct because the glycemic index is indeed a classification system for foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose levels. High glycemic index foods raise blood glucose levels faster than low glycemic index foods. Hence, all the statements are correct, making option D the correct answer.
4. During the admission assessment of a client with advanced ovarian cancer, the nurse recognizes which symptom as typical of the disease?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Hypermenorrhea
- C. Abnormal bleeding
- D. Abdominal distention
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Abdominal distention is a common symptom in advanced ovarian cancer due to several factors, including the accumulation of ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity) and the presence of tumors that can increase abdominal girth. As the disease progresses, the pressure from growing masses or fluid buildup can lead to noticeable swelling and discomfort in the abdomen. This symptom often prompts further evaluation and can significantly impact the patient’s quality of life.
5. A patient presents with a chronic cough, night sweats, and weight loss. A chest X-ray reveals upper lobe cavitary lesions. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Pneumonia
- C. Lung cancer
- D. Sarcoidosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tuberculosis. Cavitary lesions in the upper lobes are classic findings seen in tuberculosis. This infectious disease commonly presents with symptoms such as chronic cough, night sweats, and weight loss. Pneumonia (Choice B) typically does not present with cavitary lesions on chest X-ray. Lung cancer (Choice C) may present with similar symptoms but is less likely to cause cavitary lesions in the upper lobes. Sarcoidosis (Choice D) usually presents with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and non-caseating granulomas, different from the cavitary lesions described in the case.
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