Nursing Elites

1. Considering the statement that communication is most effective when barriers are first removed, which of the following is recognized as an inhibiting factor in communication?

• A. Avoidance of universally accepted abbreviations
• B. Usage of incorrect grammar
• C. Poor handwriting
• D. Advanced age of the client

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Advanced age of the client.' Age can be a significant obstacle in communication due to factors such as hearing loss, cognitive decline, or memory issues, which all can hamper effective communication. Choices A, B, and C, while they may present challenges in communication, are not directly related to age and its influence on communication, making them incorrect. The issues presented by not using universally accepted abbreviations, incorrect grammar, and poor handwriting can be resolved through clarification, education, or the use of alternative communication methods, unlike the difficulties that can arise from advanced age.

2. Which factor contributes to the development of bone diseases in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) due to retention?

• A. Iron
• B. Sodium
• C. Potassium
• D. Phosphorus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is phosphorus. Retention of phosphorus in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) contributes to the development of bone disorders, including osteodystrophy, because it disrupts the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body. This imbalance leads to a variety of bone diseases. The other options - iron, sodium, and potassium - while important in the overall metabolic function, are not directly linked to the development of bone diseases in CKD patients due to retention.

3. Which of the following provides the least amount of potassium?

• A. broccoli
• B. potatoes
• C. bananas
• D. cheese

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cheese provides less potassium compared to broccoli, potatoes, and bananas, which are all rich in this essential mineral.

4. A nurse is caring for a client following an appendectomy. The nurse verifies the postoperative prescription which reads, 'Discontinue NPO status; advance diet as tolerated.' Which of the following are appropriate for the nurse to offer the client? (SATA)

• A. Wheat toast
• B. Applesauce
• C. Applesauce, Chicken broth
• D. Chicken broth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Applesauce and chicken broth. After an appendectomy, patients are typically started on a clear liquid diet before advancing to more solid foods. Applesauce and chicken broth are part of a low-residue diet that is easily digestible and gentle on the digestive system, making them suitable choices for a client following surgery. Wheat toast may be too heavy and fibrous initially, while other solid foods should be introduced gradually to prevent gastrointestinal upset.

5. When should a newborn transition to whole milk according to dietary teaching for breastfeeding parents?

• A. 6 months
• B. 8 months
• C. 10 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Breast milk or formula should be the primary source of nutrition for infants up to around 1 year of age. The transition to whole cow's milk is recommended at 12 months of age, not earlier. Introducing whole milk before 12 months can lead to digestive issues and nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they suggest transitioning to whole milk before the recommended age of 12 months.

Similar Questions