Nursing Elites

1. Before administration of blood and blood products, the nurse should first:

• A. Check with another R.N the client’s name, Identification number, ABO and RH type.
• B. Explain the procedure to the client
• C. Assess baseline vital signs of the client
• D. Check for the BT order

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

2. Sickle cell disease is an example of an inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is TRUE. Sickle cell disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to an abnormal amino acid sequence. This results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin molecules, causing red blood cells to become sickle-shaped. This inherited condition is a classic example of a genetic error affecting the amino acid sequence, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the nature of sickle cell disease.

3. Stimulates secretion of bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the small intestine:

• A. pepsin
• B. salivary amylase
• C. CCK
• D. secretin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid and digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

4. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. Albumin in my urine is an indication of normal kidney function.
• B. I will keep my HbA1c at five percent.
• C. I will have ketones in my urine if my blood glucose is maintained at 190 milligrams per deciliter.
• D. I will keep my blood glucose levels between 200 and 212 milligrams per deciliter.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Maintaining an HbA1c level of 5 percent indicates good long-term blood glucose control and understanding of diabetes management. Choice A is incorrect because the presence of albumin in the urine (albuminuria) is actually an indication of kidney damage in diabetes. Choice C is incorrect as ketones in the urine are a sign of inadequate insulin and can occur when blood glucose levels are high, not at a specific level like 190 mg/dL. Choice D is also incorrect as the client should aim to keep blood glucose levels within a tighter range for better control, typically between 80-130 mg/dL before meals and less than 180 mg/dL after meals.

5. Why are LDLs known as the 'bad' type of cholesterol?

• A. LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is considered 'bad' cholesterol because it deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is known as the 'bad' type of cholesterol because it deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis). This narrowing can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of serious cardiovascular conditions. The statement and the reason are directly related because the adherence of LDL to arterial walls and the subsequent narrowing of the lumen are the primary reasons why it is considered detrimental to heart health. Choice B is incorrect because the statement and reason are related. Choice C is incorrect because both the statement and the reason are correct. Choice D is incorrect because the statement correctly identifies LDL as the 'bad' type of cholesterol due to its actions in the arteries.

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