Nursing Elites

1. At which age do most infants begin to fear strangers?

• A. 2 months
• B. 4 months
• C. 6 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fear of strangers typically begins around 6 months as infants start recognizing familiar and unfamiliar faces, which is part of their social development.

2. What do the clinical manifestations of minimal change nephrotic syndrome include?

• A. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
• B. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
• C. Hypertension, weight loss, and proteinuria
• D. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema due to the loss of protein in the urine. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight loss are not typical features of this condition.

3. The parents of a young child ask the nurse for suggestions about discipline. When discussing the use of time-outs, which should the nurse include?

• A. Send the child to his or her room if the child has one.
• B. A general rule for length of time is 1 hour per year of age.
• C. Select an area that is safe and nonstimulating, such as a hallway.
• D. If the child cries, refuses, or is more disruptive, try another approach.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Time-outs should be in a safe, nonstimulating area, with the length typically being 1 minute per year of the child's age, not 1 hour.

4. A preschool-age child is admitted to the pediatric unit for surgery. The parents request to stay with their child. How should the nurse respond?

• A. Tell the parents they can stay in the hospital but not on the unit
• B. Read the rules and regulations of rooming in with the child
• C. Let the parents know they are allowed to stay with the child
• D. Explain to the parents why they cannot stay with the child

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct response is to let the parents know they are allowed to stay with the child. Allowing parents to stay with the child can help reduce the child's anxiety and provide comfort. Choice A is incorrect as the parents should be encouraged to stay with their child. Choice B is not the immediate response the nurse should provide. Choice D is inappropriate as it does not address the benefits and importance of parental presence for the child's well-being during hospitalization.

5. The nurse suspects fluid overload in an infant receiving intravenous fluids. What clinical manifestation is suggestive of water intoxication?

• A. Oliguria
• B. Weight loss
• C. Irritability and seizures
• D. Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Water intoxication can lead to cerebral edema, causing neurological symptoms such as irritability and seizures. Oliguria, weight loss, and muscle weakness are not typical signs of water intoxication.

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