ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. At a well-visit, a mother voices concern that her 30-month-old has a smaller vocabulary than other children in his daycare. The nurse should:
- A. Admit the child to the hospital
- B. Assess the child for other age-appropriate development
- C. Suggest that the child is hearing impaired
- D. Explain that the child has a significant developmental delay
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a parent expresses concern about a child's development, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive assessment of all areas of development before jumping to conclusions. Choosing option B allows the nurse to evaluate the child for other age-appropriate developmental milestones to determine if there are any delays or concerns. Admitting the child to the hospital (option A) is not necessary at this point and may cause unnecessary stress. Suggesting hearing impairment (option C) without proper evaluation can lead to misdiagnosis. Explaining a significant developmental delay (option D) should only be done after a thorough assessment and diagnosis.
2. How is family systems theory best described?
- A. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members
- B. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members
- C. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem
- D. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Family systems theory views the family as a whole, where changes in one member affect the entire system, and changes can occur at any point within the system.
3. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children
- B. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity
- C. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated water
- D. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in adolescents
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children, with significant implications for long-term health, including the risk of developing chronic diseases.
4. What clinical manifestation(s) is associated with calcium depletion (hypocalcemia)?
- A. Nausea, vomiting
- B. Weakness, fatigue
- C. Muscle hypotonicity
- D. Neuromuscular irritability
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability, causing symptoms such as muscle cramps, tetany, or seizures. Other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and weakness are less specific and can be related to various conditions.
5. What is the best indicator of fluid balance in a pediatric patient?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Heart rate
- C. Weight
- D. Urine output
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Weight is the most accurate indicator of fluid balance in pediatric patients. Changes in weight reflect shifts in body fluid levels more directly compared to other parameters. Blood pressure and heart rate may be affected by various factors other than fluid balance. While urine output is important in assessing renal function, it may not provide a comprehensive picture of overall fluid balance in pediatric patients.