Nursing Elites

1. What is assimilation?

• A. changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms
• B. breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb
• C. eliminating waste from the body
• D. an increase in body size without a change in overall shape

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Assimilation is the process of changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms. It occurs after nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body. Choice B, breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb, refers to the process of digestion rather than assimilation. Choice C, eliminating waste from the body, describes the process of excretion. Choice D, an increase in body size without a change in overall shape, does not accurately define assimilation.

2. What is the membrane on the surface of a lung called?

• A. visceral pleura
• B. parietal pleura
• C. visceral pericardium
• D. parietal pericardium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: visceral pleura. The membrane covering the surface of the lungs is called the visceral pleura. It is a serous membrane that is in direct contact with the lung tissue. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the parietal pleura covers the inner surface of the chest wall and diaphragm, the visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and the parietal pericardium is the outer layer of the pericardium surrounding the heart, respectively.

3. What causes wrinkled and sagging skin?

• A. Drinking too much water
• B. Heredity alone
• C. Loss of subcutaneous fat and reduced levels of elastin and collagen
• D. Excess subcutaneous fat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Wrinkled and sagging skin is primarily caused by the loss of subcutaneous fat and reduced levels of elastin and collagen in the skin. Choice A is incorrect as drinking too much water does not lead to wrinkled and sagging skin. Choice B is incorrect because heredity alone does not cause this condition. Excess subcutaneous fat, as mentioned in Choice D, can contribute to a different skin appearance, such as puffiness, but not wrinkled and sagging skin.

4. An obstetrician tells a 42-year-old patient that she can have a healthy baby, but that she is of 'advanced maternal age.' The patient is so upset that she fails to listen to the rest of the doctor's advice, goes home in a huff, and immediately dyes her hair.

• A. the age of the sperm.
• B. the age of her eggs.
• C. her risk of developing diabetes.
• D. her cholesterol level, not her appearance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'the age of her eggs.' As women age, the quality of their eggs decreases, leading to a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities and infertility. This decline in egg quality is why advanced maternal age is associated with a higher risk of certain pregnancy complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the primary concern in this context is related to the age-related changes in a woman's eggs, not sperm, diabetes risk, or cholesterol levels.

5. What is the function of the gallbladder?

• A. Filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs
• B. Make enzymes
• C. Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion
• D. Helps to further digest food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice A is incorrect as the liver, not the gallbladder, filters blood and detoxifies harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because the production of enzymes primarily occurs in the pancreas, not the gallbladder. Choice D is incorrect as the gallbladder's main role is not to further digest food but to store and release bile.

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