Nursing Elites

1. An occurrence of too high a concentration of which of the following electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmias?

• A. chloride
• B. phosphorus
• C. potassium
• D. sodium

Correct answer: potassium

Rationale: The correct answer is potassium. High levels of potassium in the blood, known as hyperkalemia, can lead to cardiac arrhythmias by affecting the electrical activity of the heart. This can disrupt the normal rhythm of the heart and lead to serious complications. Chloride, phosphorus, and sodium imbalances are not typically associated with cardiac arrhythmias, making them incorrect choices.

2. What is the main function of the digestive system?

• A. Formation of cells
• B. Movement of body parts
• C. Absorption of nutrients
• D. Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absorption of nutrients. The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body to provide energy and support bodily functions. Choice A, 'Formation of cells,' is incorrect as cell formation is not the primary function of the digestive system; it is more related to processes like cell division and growth. Choice B, 'Movement of body parts,' is incorrect as this is more related to the muscular system, which controls body movements. Choice D, 'Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients,' is incorrect because providing oxygen is primarily the function of the respiratory system, which is responsible for breathing and oxygen exchange in the body, not the digestive system.

3. What effect does aldosterone secretion have on electrolyte levels?

• A. Calcium levels are decreased
• B. Sodium levels are increased
• C. Potassium levels are increased
• D. Magnesium levels are decreased

Correct answer: Sodium levels are increased

Rationale: Aldosterone is a hormone that primarily acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the bloodstream. As a result, sodium levels are increased. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Aldosterone does not significantly affect calcium, potassium, or magnesium levels.

4. What is assimilation?

• A. changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms
• B. breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb
• C. eliminating waste from the body
• D. an increase in body size without a change in overall shape

Correct answer: changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms

Rationale: Assimilation is the process of changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms. It occurs after nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body. Choice B, breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb, refers to the process of digestion rather than assimilation. Choice C, eliminating waste from the body, describes the process of excretion. Choice D, an increase in body size without a change in overall shape, does not accurately define assimilation.

5. The anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is true. Anatomy and physiology are interconnected fields. Anatomy focuses on the structure of body parts, while physiology deals with the functions of those parts. Understanding the structure (anatomy) of a body part is crucial in comprehending how it functions (physiology). This interrelation is essential for healthcare professionals to diagnose and treat medical conditions effectively. Choice B is incorrect because anatomy and physiology are indeed closely related. Choice C is incorrect as well because the relationship between anatomy and physiology is a fundamental concept in the study of the human body. Choice D is incorrect as the statement is true.

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