ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. An occurrence of too high a concentration of which of the following electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmias?
- A. chloride
- B. phosphorus
- C. potassium
- D. sodium
Correct answer: potassium
Rationale: The correct answer is potassium. High levels of potassium in the blood, known as hyperkalemia, can lead to cardiac arrhythmias by affecting the electrical activity of the heart. This can disrupt the normal rhythm of the heart and lead to serious complications. Chloride, phosphorus, and sodium imbalances are not typically associated with cardiac arrhythmias, making them incorrect choices.
2. What is a physical characteristic of infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy?
- A. Being large for gestational age
- B. Growth restriction in weight only
- C. Preterm but size appropriate for gestational age
- D. Growth restriction in weight, length, and chest and head circumference
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Growth restriction in weight, length, and chest and head circumference. Infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy exhibit growth failure in weight, length, chest, and head circumference. This growth failure is directly related to the number of cigarettes smoked by the mother. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because infants exposed to maternal smoking do not tend to be large for gestational age, experience growth restriction in weight only, or be preterm but size appropriate for gestational age.
3. Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive?
- A. Nitrogen
- B. Waste products
- C. Water
- D. Carbon dioxide
Correct answer: C: Water
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Water. Water is essential for the human body to survive as it plays a crucial role in various physiological processes like digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation. Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere and is not directly obtained from the environment for survival. Waste products are materials that need to be eliminated from the body, not obtained for sustenance. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration and is expelled from the body through breathing, not obtained as a nutrient.
4. Worldwide, what is the most common nutrient deficiency?
- A. magnesium deficiency
- B. iron deficiency
- C. selenium deficiency
- D. zinc deficiency
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency globally. It leads to anemia and affects many populations, especially women and children. Magnesium, selenium, and zinc deficiencies are important, but they are not as prevalent as iron deficiency on a global scale.
5. A healthcare provider is providing discharge instructions to a client who has a new prescription for Warfarin. Which of the following over-the-counter medications should the provider instruct the client to avoid?
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Ibuprofen
- C. Diphenhydramine
- D. Loratadine
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with Warfarin due to its antiplatelet effects. The combination of Warfarin, an anticoagulant, and NSAIDs can potentiate the risk of bleeding complications. Clients on Warfarin should avoid NSAIDs like ibuprofen and opt for alternative pain relief options such as acetaminophen. Diphenhydramine and loratadine are antihistamines and are generally safe to use with Warfarin as they do not significantly increase the risk of bleeding when compared to NSAIDs like ibuprofen.
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