Nursing Elites

1. An emerging technique in screening for Breast Cancer in developing countries like the Philippines is:

• A. Mammography once a year starting at the age of 50
• B. Clinical BSE Once a year
• C. BSE Once a month
• D. Pap smear starting at the age of 18 or earlier if sexually active

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

2. Which ethnic group has the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes?

• A. Caucasians
• B. Asian Indians
• C. Pacific Islanders
• D. African Americans

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Statistical data suggest that Caucasians generally have lower rates of type 2 diabetes compared to the other ethnic groups listed in the choices. This is not to say that Caucasians are immune to the disease, but rather that they have fewer reported instances. On the other hand, African Americans and Pacific Islanders are often identified as groups with a significantly higher risk and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Asian Indians also exhibit higher rates compared to Caucasians. It is important to note that these are general trends observed in statistical data, and individual health outcomes can vary based on various factors such as lifestyle, diet, and genetics, among others. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Caucasians because they generally have the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes when compared to the other ethnic groups mentioned.

3. Lynn is an older adult who lives alone and has requested advice on how to eat a nutritious diet as cheaply as possible. One useful, practical tip for Lynn might be to _____.

• A. buy just a few pieces of fresh fruit at a time, in different stages of ripeness
• B. choose small boxes of frozen vegetables instead of large bags
• C. purchase pre-sliced or shredded cheese rather than whole pieces
• D. avoid buying certain foods in bulk, such as beans or dried legumes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Buying a few pieces of fresh fruit at different stages of ripeness ensures that Lynn will have ripe fruit available over several days, reducing waste and cost. Choice B focuses on frozen vegetables but doesn't address the variety and ripeness factor like Choice A. Choice C is about cheese, which may not be as essential for a nutritious diet compared to fresh fruit. Choice D suggests avoiding certain foods in bulk, which might not be as relevant for maintaining a nutritious diet economically as the strategy in Choice A.

4. How many amino acids are essential?

• A. 5
• B. 7
• C. 9
• D. 13

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 9. There are 9 essential amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through the diet. These 9 amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of essential amino acids.

5. Select all that apply. You are interested in learning about the effect of eating diet soft drinks on your health. Your internet search leads you to a website with the ending .com, which tells you that diet soft drinks contain sugar alcohols that can cause harm. Which of the following actions are logical?

• A. notice if there are any ads on the page that suggest conflicts of interest
• B. read about consuming diet soft drinks in the dietary guidelines for Americans
• C. visit a more credible website and compare information
• D. all of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Logical steps include evaluating the credibility of the website, reading official guidelines, comparing information from credible sources, and verifying the author's qualifications.

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