ATI RN
ATI Nutrition
1. A client is being taught about following a low-cholesterol diet after coronary artery bypass grafting. Which of the following food choices reflects the client’s understanding of these dietary instructions?
- A. Liver
- B. Milk
- C. BEANS
- D. Eggs
Correct answer: C: BEANS
Rationale: Choosing beans as a food option indicates that the client understands the low-cholesterol diet instructions. Beans are a good source of fiber and plant-based protein, which can help lower cholesterol levels. On the other hand, liver and eggs are high in cholesterol and should be limited in a low-cholesterol diet. Milk, especially whole milk, can also be high in saturated fats and cholesterol, so it is not the best choice for a low-cholesterol diet.
2. When teaching a client who has a new prescription for Dextromethorphan to suppress a cough, which adverse effect should the nurse instruct the client to monitor for?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Anxiety
- C. Sedation
- D. Palpitations
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sedation. Dextromethorphan can cause sedation, so the client should be advised to avoid activities that require alertness. Diarrhea, anxiety, and palpitations are not commonly associated adverse effects of Dextromethorphan.
3. During pregnancy, the placenta __________.
- A. forms in the second trimester of pregnancy
- B. encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid
- C. contains one large vein that delivers nutrients to the embryo
- D. delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The placenta delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism during pregnancy. It is a temporary organ that forms in the first trimester of pregnancy. Choice A is incorrect as the placenta forms in the first trimester, not the second trimester. Choice B is incorrect as the amniotic sac, not the placenta, encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid. Choice C is incorrect as the placenta contains blood vessels (arteries and veins) that deliver nutrients to the embryo, not just one large vein.
4. A healthcare professional is monitoring a group of clients for increased risk of developing pneumonia. Which of the following clients should the healthcare professional NOT expect to be at risk?
- A. Client who has dysphagia
- B. Client who has AIDS
- C. Client who was vaccinated for pneumococcus and influenza 6 months ago
- D. Client who has a closed head injury and is receiving ventilation
Correct answer: Client who was vaccinated for pneumococcus and influenza 6 months ago
Rationale: A client who was vaccinated for pneumococcus and influenza 6 months ago would have a reduced risk of developing pneumonia compared to those who have not been vaccinated. Vaccination helps protect individuals from specific pathogens, thereby lowering the risk of infection. Clients with dysphagia, AIDS, or a closed head injury and receiving ventilation are at higher risk for pneumonia due to compromised immunity, respiratory function, or protective airway reflexes, respectively.
5. A client is prescribed albuterol (Proventil) via a metered-dose inhaler. Which action should the nurse take to ensure effective use of this medication?
- A. Instruct the client to inhale quickly while administering the medication.
- B. Have the client hold their breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication.
- C. Tell the client to exhale immediately after inhaling the medication.
- D. Encourage the client to use the inhaler as needed only when experiencing symptoms.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To ensure effective use of albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler, the nurse should have the client hold their breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication. This action allows the medication to reach deeper into the airways. Inhaling slowly and deeply, not quickly, is recommended for optimal drug delivery. Exhaling immediately after inhaling the medication would expel it before it can take effect. It's essential for the client to follow the prescribed regimen of medication usage, not just using the inhaler when symptoms are present.
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