ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. According to Piaget, a 6-month-old infant should be in which developmental stage?
- A. Use of reflexes
- B. Primary circular reactions
- C. Secondary circular reactions
- D. Coordination of secondary schemata
Correct answer: C
Rationale: By 6 months, infants are usually in the stage of secondary circular reactions, where they start to intentionally repeat actions that bring pleasure or interesting results.
2. What is the main function of the mitochondria in a cell?
- A. To produce energy in the form of ATP
- B. To synthesize proteins
- C. To store genetic information
- D. To regulate cell growth
Correct answer: A: To produce energy in the form of ATP
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To produce energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration. This energy is essential for various cellular activities. Choice B is incorrect because protein synthesis primarily occurs in the ribosomes. Choice C is incorrect as the genetic information is stored in the cell's nucleus. Choice D is incorrect as the regulation of cell growth involves various other organelles and processes within the cell.
3. A new dad is concerned about his toddler's play patterns. The nurse informs him that ____________ play is normally exhibited by toddlers:
- A. Associative
- B. Team
- C. Solitary
- D. Parallel
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Parallel.' Parallel play is a common play pattern observed in toddlers where they play alongside each other without direct interaction. This type of play allows toddlers to observe and mimic each other's actions, aiding in their social development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Associative play involves some interaction between children, team play involves organized group activities, and solitary play is when a child plays alone, all of which are not typically exhibited by toddlers during play.
4. In teaching the parent of a newly diagnosed 2-year-old child with pyelonephritis related to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the nurse should include which information?
- A. Limit fluids to reduce reflux.
- B. Give cranberry juice twice a day.
- C. Have siblings examined for VUR.
- D. Surgery is indicated to reverse scarring.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Siblings should be examined for VUR as it can run in families, and early detection can prevent complications. Limiting fluids is not advisable, and cranberry juice is not effective in preventing VUR. Surgery is usually not indicated for scarring reversal.
5. One potential side effect associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is:
- A. Stomach irritation and bleeding
- B. Stomatitis and esophagitis
- C. Impaired folate absorption
- D. Increased potassium excretion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stomach irritation and bleeding. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can lead to stomach irritation and bleeding by affecting the gastric mucosa. Stomatitis and esophagitis (choice B) are not commonly associated with NSAIDs. Impaired folate absorption (choice C) is not a typical side effect of NSAIDs. Increased potassium excretion (choice D) is not a common side effect of NSAIDs.
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