at which age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli

ATI RN

Nursing Care of Children ATI

1. At which age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli?

A. 1 month
B. 2 months
C. 3 months
D. 4 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Infants typically begin to smile in response to pleasurable stimuli by 2 months, which is an early sign of social interaction and emotional development.

2. A 12-year-old child had an appendectomy 18 hours ago. The nurse is monitoring the child for pain control. Which of the following tools is most appropriate for assessing the child’s pain?

A. FLACC scale
B. Numeric scale
C. NIPS scale
D. FACES scale

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Numeric scale is the most appropriate tool for assessing pain in older children, like a 12-year-old, as they can comprehend and use numbers to indicate their pain levels accurately. The FLACC scale is typically used for nonverbal or preverbal children. The NIPS scale is designed for neonates and infants. The FACES scale is more commonly used in younger children who may have difficulty expressing their pain in other ways.

3. When caring for a child with an intravenous (IV) infusion, what is an appropriate nursing action?

A. Change the insertion site every 24 hours.
B. Check the insertion site frequently for signs of infiltration.
C. Use a macrodropper to facilitate reaching the prescribed flow rate.
D. Avoid restraining the child to prevent undue emotional stress.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Frequent monitoring of the IV site for signs of infiltration is crucial to prevent tissue damage, especially in pediatric patients. Changing the site every 24 hours is unnecessary unless complications arise, and using a macrodropper is not specific to pediatric care.

4. Which parameter correlates best with measurements of total muscle mass?

A. Height
B. Weight
C. Skinfold thickness
D. Upper arm circumference

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Upper arm circumference correlates best with total muscle mass because it includes both muscle and fat components, making it a reliable indicator of muscle mass.